Can environmental change affect host/parasite-mediated speciation?

Brunner, Franziska S and Eizaguirre, Christophe ORCID: 0000-0002-8673-7649 (2016) Can environmental change affect host/parasite-mediated speciation? Zoology (Jena, Germany), 119 (4). pp. 384-394.

Text Brunner2016Zoology.pdf - Published version Download (2MB)

Abstract

Parasitism can be a driver of species divergence and thereby significantly alter species formation processes. While we still need to better understand how parasite-mediated speciation functions, it is even less clear how this process is affected by environmental change. Both rapid and gradual changes of the environment can modify host immune responses, parasite virulence and the specificity of their interactions. They will thereby change host-parasite evolutionary trajectories and the potential for speciation in both hosts and parasites. Here, we summarise mechanisms of host-parasite interactions affecting speciation and subsequently consider their susceptibility to environmental changes. We mainly focus on the effects of temperature change and nutrient input to ecosystems as they are major environmental stressors. There is evidence for both disruptive and accelerating effects of those pressures on speciation that seem to be context-dependent. A prerequisite for parasite-driven host speciation is that parasites significantly alter the host's Darwinian fitness. This can rapidly lead to divergent selection and genetic adaptation; however, it is likely preceded by more short-term plastic and transgenerational effects. Here, we also consider how these first responses and their susceptibility to environmental changes could lead to alterations of the species formation process and may provide alternative pathways to speciation.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Animals, Parasitic Diseases, Animal, Ecosystem, Genetic Speciation, Climate Change
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	25 Nov 2016 17:01
Last Modified:	17 Mar 2024 06:48
DOI:	10.1016/j.zool.2016.04.001
Related URLs:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3004673