Inequality in Beijing: A Spatial Multilevel Analysis of Perceived Environmental Hazard and Self-rated Health

Ma, Jing, Mitchell, Gordon, Dong, Guanpeng ORCID: 0000-0003-0949-1304 and Zhang, Wenzhong (2016) Inequality in Beijing: A Spatial Multilevel Analysis of Perceived Environmental Hazard and Self-rated Health. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 107 (1). pp. 109-129.

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Abstract

Environmental pollution is a major problem in China, subjecting people to significant health risk. Surprisingly little is known, though, about how these risks are distributed spatially or socially. Drawing on a large-scale survey conducted in Beijing in 2013, we examine how environmental hazards and health, as perceived by residents, are distributed at a fine (subdistrict) scale in urban Beijing and investigate the association between hazards, health, and geographical context. A Bayesian spatial multilevel logistic model is developed to account for spatial dependence in unobserved contextual influences (neighborhood effects) on health. The results reveal robust associations between exposure to environmental hazards and health. A unit decrease on a five-point Likert scale in exposure is associated with increases of 15.2 percent (air pollution), 17.5 percent (noise), and 9.3 percent (landfills) in the odds of reporting good health, with marginal groups including migrant workers reporting greater exposure. Health inequality is also evident and is associated with age, income, educational attainment, and housing characteristics. Geographical context (neighborhood features like local amenities) also plays a role in shaping the social distribution of health inequality. The results are discussed in the context of developing environmental justice policy within a Chinese social market system that experiences tension between its egalitarian roots and its pragmatic approach to tackling grand public policy challenges.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	environmental hazard, environmental justice, geographical context, self-rated health, spatial multilevel modeling
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	21 Mar 2017 07:18
Last Modified:	19 Jan 2023 07:09
DOI:	10.1080/24694452.2016.1224636
Open Access URL:	http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/246944...
Related URLs:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3006537

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• Inequality in Beijing: A Spatial Multilevel Analysis of Perceived Environmental Hazard and Self-rated Health. (deposited 20 Sep 2016 07:46)
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