Causes of impaired oral vaccine efficacy in developing countries



Parker, Edward PK, Ramani, Sasirekha, Lopman, Benjamin A, Church, James A, Iturriza-Gomara, Miren ORCID: 0000-0001-5816-6423, Prendergast, Andrew J and Grassly, Nicholas C
(2018) Causes of impaired oral vaccine efficacy in developing countries. FUTURE MICROBIOLOGY, 13 (1). pp. 97-118.

[img] Text
fmb-2017-0128.pdf - Published version

Download (1MB)

Abstract

Oral vaccines are less immunogenic when given to infants in low-income compared with high-income countries, limiting their potential public health impact. Here, we review factors that might contribute to this phenomenon, including transplacental antibodies, breastfeeding, histo blood group antigens, enteric pathogens, malnutrition, microbiota dysbiosis and environmental enteropathy. We highlight several clear risk factors for vaccine failure, such as the inhibitory effect of enteroviruses on oral poliovirus vaccine. We also highlight the ambiguous and at times contradictory nature of the available evidence, which undoubtedly reflects the complex and interconnected nature of the factors involved. Mechanisms responsible for diminished immunogenicity may be specific to each oral vaccine. Interventions aiming to improve vaccine performance may need to reflect the diversity of these mechanisms.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: cholera, enteropathy, histo blood group antigens, immunogenicity, malnutrition, microbiota, oral vaccines, poliovirus, rotavirus
Depositing User: Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited: 14 Dec 2017 16:53
Last Modified: 19 Jan 2023 06:48
DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0128
Related URLs:
URI: https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3014168