Surveillance of intestinal schistosomiasis during control: a comparison of four diagnostic tests across five Ugandan primary schools in the Lake Albert region

Al-Shehri, Hajri, Koukounari, Artemis, Stanton, Michelle C, Adriko, Moses, Arinaitwe, Moses, Atuhaire, Aaron, Kabatereine, Narcis B and Stothard, J Russell (2018) Surveillance of intestinal schistosomiasis during control: a comparison of four diagnostic tests across five Ugandan primary schools in the Lake Albert region. Parasitology, 145 (13). pp. 1715-1722.

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118201800029x

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Programmatic surveillance of intestinal schistosomiasis during control can typically use four diagnostic tests, either singularly or in combination, but these have yet to be cross-compared directly. Our study assembled a complete diagnostic dataset, inclusive of infection intensities, from 258 children from five Ugandan primary schools. The schools were purposely selected as typical of the endemic landscape near Lake Albert and reflective of high- and low-transmission settings. Overall prevalence was: 44.1% (95% CI 38.0–50.2) by microscopy of duplicate Kato-Katz smears from two consecutive stools, 56.9% (95% CI 50.8–63.0) by urine-circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) dipstick, 67.4% (95% CI 61.6–73.1) by DNA-TaqMan<jats:sup>®</jats:sup> and 75.1% (95% CI 69.8–80.4) by soluble egg antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (SEA-ELISA). A cross-comparison of diagnostic sensitivities, specificities, positive and negative predictive values was undertaken, inclusive of a latent class analysis (LCA) with a LCA-model estimate of prevalence by each school. The latter ranged from 9.6% to 100.0%, and prevalence by school for each diagnostic test followed a static ascending order or monotonic series of Kato-Katz, urine-CCA dipstick, DNA-TaqMan<jats:sup>®</jats:sup> and SEA-ELISA. We confirm that Kato-Katz remains a satisfactory diagnostic standalone in high-transmission settings but in low-transmission settings should be augmented or replaced by urine-CCA dipsticks. DNA-TaqMan<jats:sup>®</jats:sup> appears suitable in both endemic settings though is only implementable if resources permit. In low-transmission settings, SEA-ELISA remains the method of choice to evidence an absence infection. We discuss the pros and cons of each method concluding that future surveillance of intestinal schistosomiasis would benefit from a flexible, context-specific approach both in choice and application of each diagnostic method, rather than a single one-size fits all approach.</jats:p>

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Digestive Diseases, Infection, 3 Good Health and Well Being, Animals, Antigens, Helminth, Child, Child, Preschool, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, Communicable Disease Control, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Epidemiological Monitoring, Feces, Female, Helminth Proteins, Humans, Lakes, Male, Point-of-Care Systems, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Prevalence, Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosomiasis mansoni, Schools, Sensitivity and Specificity, Uganda
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	18 Jul 2018 09:33
Last Modified:	16 Mar 2024 22:25
DOI:	10.1017/s003118201800029x
Related URLs:	Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3021027