Echocardiographic reference ranges for sedentary donkeys in the UK

Roberts, SL and Dukes-McEwan, J ORCID: 0000-0002-0326-8251 (2016) Echocardiographic reference ranges for sedentary donkeys in the UK. VETERINARY RECORD, 179 (13). 332-.

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.103734

Abstract

The aim of this study was to provide two-dimensional (2D) and M-mode echocardiographic reference ranges from a sample of the UK population of donkeys including geriatrics (>30 years), owned by The Donkey Sanctuary, and to assess the influence of gender, weight and age on these variables. A total of 36 donkeys with no clinical or echocardiographic evidence of cardiovascular disease were examined; 24 geldings and 12 females, aged 3-45 years old, weighing 130-262 kg. Left atrial to aortic ratio was larger in geldings (P=0.004). There was no significant difference for left ventricular M-mode diastolic diameter between females and geldings (P=0.121) after exclusion of one heavy female outlier. 2D measurements significantly increased with bodyweight including maximal left atrial diameter (R(2)=0.112; P=0.046), aortic diameter at various levels (e.g. annulus: R(2)=0.35; P<0.001) and the pulmonary artery diameter (R(2)=0.124; P=0.035). M-mode measurements were not significantly influenced by weight other than the left ventricular free wall in systole (R(2)=0.118; P=0.041). Age and heart rate did not have any significant effect on echocardiographic variables. This is the first UK study to report on echocardiographic reference ranges of sedentary donkeys across a wide age range and shows differences compared with reference ranges from working donkeys.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	ITEM MARKED CONFIDENTIAL – HELD IN REVIEW Date: 2015-09 (plannedsub)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Animals, Equidae, Echocardiography, Cross-Sectional Studies, Reference Values, Female, Male, United Kingdom, Sedentary Behavior
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	13 Aug 2019 09:20
Last Modified:	19 Jan 2023 00:36
DOI:	10.1136/vr.103734
Related URLs:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3050872