A review of energy efficiency in ports: Operational strategies, technologies and energy management systems

Iris, Cagatay ORCID: 0000-0001-5422-354X and Lam, Jasmine Siu Lee (2019) A review of energy efficiency in ports: Operational strategies, technologies and energy management systems. RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS, 112. pp. 170-182.

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.04.069

Abstract

Many ports and terminals endeavor to enhance energy efficiency as energy prices have increased through years and climate change mitigation is a key target for the port industry. Stricter environmental regulations are adopted by authorities to limit pollutants and GHG emissions arising from energy consumption. Increasingly, port operational strategies and energy usage patterns are under scrutiny. To ingrain sustainability and environmental protection of ports, the use of innovative technology appears as a critical conduit in achieving a transition from a carbon-intensive port industry (dependent on fossil fuels) to a low-carbon port model by harnessing renewable energy, alternative fuels (e.g. LNG, hydrogen, biofuel), smarter power distribution systems, energy consumption measurement systems. In this context, this paper conducts a systematic literature review to analyze operational strategies (e.g. peak shaving, operations optimization), technology usage (e.g. electrification of equipment, cold-ironing, energy storage systems), renewable energy, alternative fuels and energy management systems (e.g. smart grid with renewable energy) for improving the energy efficiency and environmental performance of ports and terminals. Research gaps and future research directions are identified. Analysis shows that there is a great potential for ports to achieve further energy efficiency and researchers have many impactful research opportunities.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Ports, Energy efficiency, Renewable energy, Electrification, Smart energy management, Sustainability
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	06 Aug 2019 10:31
Last Modified:	19 Jan 2023 00:36
DOI:	10.1016/j.rser.2019.04.069
Related URLs:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3051096