COVID-19: Immunology and treatment options

Felsenstein, Susanna, Herbert, Jenny A, McNamara, Paul S ORCID: 0000-0002-7055-6034 and Hedrich, Christian M ORCID: 0000-0002-1295-6179 (2020) COVID-19: Immunology and treatment options. CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY, 215. 108448-.

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2020.108448

Abstract

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 causes COVID-19, a pandemic threatening millions. As protective immunity does not exist in humans and the virus is capable of escaping innate immune responses, it can proliferate, unhindered, in primarily infected tissues. Subsequent cell death results in the release of virus particles and intracellular components to the extracellular space, which result in immune cell recruitment, the generation of immune complexes and associated damage. Infection of monocytes/macrophages and/or recruitment of uninfected immune cells can result in massive inflammatory responses later in the disease. Uncontrolled production of pro-inflammatory mediators contributes to ARDS and cytokine storm syndrome. Antiviral agents and immune modulating treatments are currently being trialled. Understanding immune evasion strategies of SARS-CoV2 and the resulting delayed massive immune response will result in the identification of biomarkers that predict outcomes as well as phenotype and disease stage specific treatments that will likely include both antiviral and immune modulating agents.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Humans, Pneumonia, Viral, Coronavirus Infections, Azithromycin, Hydroxychloroquine, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A, Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins, Immunologic Factors, Cytokines, Antiviral Agents, Gene Expression Regulation, Disease Management, Toll-Like Receptors, Immune Evasion, Pandemics, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, SARS-CoV-2
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	20 May 2020 09:22
Last Modified:	18 Jan 2023 23:51
DOI:	10.1016/j.clim.2020.108448
Related URLs:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3088136