Association between individual and country-level socioeconomic factors and work participation in spondyloarthritis including psoriatic arthritis: Analysis of the ASAS-perSpA study



Zhao, Sizheng Steven ORCID: 0000-0002-3558-7353, Nikiphorou, Elena, Boonen, Annelies, Lopez-Medina, Clementina, Dougados, Maxime and Ramiro, Sofia
(2021) Association between individual and country-level socioeconomic factors and work participation in spondyloarthritis including psoriatic arthritis: Analysis of the ASAS-perSpA study. SEMINARS IN ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM, 51 (4). pp. 804-812.

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Abstract

<h4>Objective</h4>To examine whether associations between socioeconomic factors and work outcomes in spondyloarthritis (SpA) differ across axial (axSpA), peripheral SpA (pSpA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and whether associations for individual-level socioeconomic factors are modified by country-level factors.<h4>Methods</h4>Patients with a physician diagnosis of SpA within working age (18-65 years) were included. Associations between individual- (age, gender, education, marital status) and country-level factors (Human Development Index, Health Care Expenditure (HCE), Gross Domestic Product, percentage unemployed) with work outcomes (employment status, absenteeism, presenteeism) were assessed using multivariable mixed-effects models. Associations between individual factors and outcomes were compared according to SpA phenotypes and country-level factors using interaction terms.<h4>Results</h4>A total of 3835 patients (mean age 42 years, 61% males) from 23 countries worldwide were included (66% axSpA, 10% pSpA, 23% PsA). Being employed was associated with gender (male vs. female OR 2.5; 95%CI 1.9-3.2), education (university vs. primary OR 3.7; 2.9-4.7), marital status (married vs. single OR 1.3; 1.04-1.6), and age in a non-linear manner. University (vs primary) education was associated with lower odds of absenteeism (OR 0.7; 0.5-0.96) and presenteeism (OR 0.5; 0.3-0.7). Associations were similar across SpA phenotypes. Higher HCE was associated with more favourable work outcomes, e.g., higher odds of employment (OR 2.5; 1.5-4.1). Gender discrepancy in odds of employment was greater in countries with lower socioeconomic development.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Higher educational attainment and higher HCE were associated with more favourable work outcomes, independently of SpA phenotype. The disadvantageous effect of female gender on employment is particularly strong in countries with lower socioeconomic development.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: Spondyloarthritis, Psoriatic arthritis, Work participation, Education, Healthcare expenditure, Socioeconomic factors
Divisions: Faculty of Health and Life Sciences
Faculty of Health and Life Sciences > Clinical Directorate
Depositing User: Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited: 23 Jul 2021 08:15
Last Modified: 17 May 2023 19:25
DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2021.05.020
Open Access URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/...
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URI: https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3131031