Jeffery, Nathan S, Humphreys, Craig 
ORCID: 0000-0002-5866-979X and Manson, Amy ORCID: 0000-0001-6879-3551
(2022)
A human craniofacial life‐course: cross‐sectional morphological covariations during postnatal growth, adolescence, and aging.
The Anatomical Record, 305 (1).
pp. 81-99.
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Abstract
Covariations between anatomical structures are fundamental to craniofacial ontogeny, maturation, and aging and yet are rarely studied in such a cognate fashion. Here, we offer a comprehensive investigation of the human craniofacial complex using freely available software and MRI datasets representing 575 individuals from 0 to 79 years old. We employ both standard craniometrics methods as well as Procrustes-based analyses to capture and document cross-sectional trends. Findings suggest that anatomical structures behave primarily as modules, and manifest integrated patterns of shape change as they compete for space, particularly with relative expansions of the brain during early postnatal life and of the face during puberty. Sexual dimorphism was detected in infancy and intensified during adolescence with gender differences in the magnitude and pattern of morphological covariation as well as of aging. These findings partly support the spatial-packing hypothesis and reveal important insights into phenotypic adjustments to deep-rooted, and presumably genetically defined, trajectories of morphological size and shape change that characterize the normal human craniofacial life-course.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | aging, brain, cranium, ontogeny, sexual dimorphism, spatial-packing |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences > Institute of Life Courses and Medical Sciences |
| Depositing User: | Symplectic Admin |
| Date Deposited: | 09 Aug 2021 07:48 |
| Last Modified: | 18 Jan 2023 21:33 |
| DOI: | 10.1002/ar.24736 |
| Related URLs: | |
| URI: | https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3132875 |
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