Petropoulos, Ioannis N, Ponirakis, Georgios, Ferdousi, Maryam, Azmi, Shazli, Kalteniece, Alise, Khan, Adnan, Gad, Hoda, Bashir, Bilal, Marshall, Andrew 
ORCID: 0000-0001-8273-7089, Boulton, Andrew JM et al (show 2 more authors)
(2021)
Corneal Confocal Microscopy: A Biomarker for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy.
CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS, 43 (9).
pp. 1457-1475.
Abstract
<h4>Purpose</h4>Diagnosing early diabetic peripheral neuropathy remains a challenge due to deficiencies in currently advocated end points. The cornea is densely innervated with small sensory fibers, which are structurally and functionally comparable to intraepidermal nerve fibers. Corneal confocal microscopy is a method for rapid, noninvasive scanning of the living cornea with high resolution and magnification.<h4>Methods</h4>This narrative review presents the framework for the development of biomarkers and the literature on the use and adoption of corneal confocal microscopy as an objective, diagnostic biomarker in experimental and clinical studies of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. A search was performed on PubMed and Google Scholar based on the terms "corneal confocal microscopy," "diabetic neuropathy," "corneal sensitivity," and "clinical trials."<h4>Findings</h4>A substantial body of evidence underpins the thesis that corneal nerve loss predicts incident neuropathy and progresses with the severity of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Corneal confocal microscopy also identifies early corneal nerve regeneration, strongly arguing for its inclusion as a surrogate end point in clinical trials of disease-modifying therapies.<h4>Implications</h4>There are sufficient diagnostic and prospective validation studies to fulfill the US Food and Drug Administration criteria for a biomarker to support the inclusion of corneal confocal microscopy as a primary end point in clinical trials of disease-modifying therapies in diabetic neuropathy.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | biomarker, clinical trials, corneal con-focal microscopy, diabetic neuropathy |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences > Institute of Life Courses and Medical Sciences |
| Depositing User: | Symplectic Admin |
| Date Deposited: | 14 Jan 2022 15:52 |
| Last Modified: | 18 Jan 2023 21:16 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.04.003 |
| Open Access URL: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.04.003 |
| Related URLs: | |
| URI: | https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3146836 |
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