Improving Multi-Hop Time Synchronization Performance in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Packet-Relaying Gateways With Per-Hop Delay Compensation



Huan, Xintao, Kim, Kyeong Soo, Lee, Sanghyuk, Lim, Eng Gee ORCID: 0000-0003-0199-7386 and Marshall, Alan ORCID: 0000-0002-8058-5242
(2021) Improving Multi-Hop Time Synchronization Performance in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Packet-Relaying Gateways With Per-Hop Delay Compensation. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS, 69 (9). pp. 6093-6105.

[img] Text
PHDC-TCOM.pdf - Author Accepted Manuscript

Download (3MB) | Preview

Abstract

Based on the reverse asymmetric time synchronization framework, we have proposed several schemes with a major focus on the energy efficiency and computational complexity of a large number of battery-powered, low-cost sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). To address the cumulative end-to-end synchronization error, we have also introduced an idea of compensating for the processing delays at packet-relaying gateways as an energy-efficient way of multi-hop extension of WSN time synchronization schemes. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of the multi-hop extension of WSN time synchronization schemes based on packet-relaying gateways with the per-hop delay compensation and the results of extensive experiments for the energy-efficient time synchronization schemes based on the reverse asymmetric time synchronization framework together with the flooding time synchronization protocol as a representative of existing schemes. Experimental results based on a real testbed demonstrate that the multi-hop extension based on packet-relaying gateways with the per-hop delay compensation greatly improves the performance of time synchronization of all the schemes considered compared to the multi-hop extension based on the conventional time-translating gateways.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: Synchronization, Wireless sensor networks, Logic gates, Delays, Spread spectrum communication, Energy efficiency, Protocols, Multi-hop time synchronization, processing delay compensation, packet relaying, wireless sensor networks
Divisions: Faculty of Science and Engineering > School of Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Computer Science
Depositing User: Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited: 07 Feb 2022 11:01
Last Modified: 17 Mar 2024 12:32
DOI: 10.1109/TCOMM.2021.3092038
Related URLs:
URI: https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3148224