Physiological adaptations affecting drug pharmacokinetics in space: what do we really know? A critical review of the literature

Dello Russo, Cinzia ORCID: 0000-0002-2538-3832, Bandiera, Tiziano, Monici, Monica, Surdo, Leonardo, Yip, Vincent Lai Ming, Wotring, Virginia and Morbidelli, Lucia (2022) Physiological adaptations affecting drug pharmacokinetics in space: what do we really know? A critical review of the literature. BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY, 179 (11). pp. 2538-2557.

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.15822

Abstract

As human spaceflight progresses with extended mission durations, the demand for effective and safe drugs will necessarily increase. To date, the accepted medications used during missions (for space motion sickness, sleep disturbances, allergies, pain, and sinus congestion) are administered under the assumption that they act as safely and efficaciously as on Earth. However, physiological changes have been documented in human subjects in spaceflight involving fluid shifts, muscle and bone loss, immune system dysregulation, and adjustments in the gastrointestinal tract and metabolism. These alterations may change the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics of commonly used medications. Frustratingly, the information gained from bed rest studies and from in-flight observations is incomplete and also demonstrates a high variability in drug PK. Therefore, the objectives of this review are to report (i) the impact of the space environmental stressors on human physiology in relation to PK; (ii) the state-of-the-art on experimental data in space and/or in ground-based models; (iii) the validation of ground-based models for PK studies; and (iv) the identification of research gaps.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	animal studies, bed rest studies, therapeutic drugs, drug formulation, pharmacokinetics, pharmacotherapy in space, real evidence in space, space stressor
Divisions:	Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences > Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	28 Mar 2022 08:23
Last Modified:	18 Jan 2023 21:06
DOI:	10.1111/bph.15822
Related URLs:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3151481