Lithium Insertion into Graphitic Carbon Observed via Operando Kerr-Gated Raman Spectroscopy Enables High State of Charge Diagnostics



Neale, Alex R ORCID: 0000-0001-7675-5432, Milan, David C, Braga, Filipe, V. Sazanovich, Igor and Hardwick, Laurence J ORCID: 0000-0001-8796-685X
(2022) Lithium Insertion into Graphitic Carbon Observed via Operando Kerr-Gated Raman Spectroscopy Enables High State of Charge Diagnostics. ACS ENERGY LETTERS, 7 (8). pp. 2611-2618.

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Abstract

Monitoring the precise lithium inventory of the graphitic carbon electrode within the Li-ion battery, in order to assess cell aging, has remained challenging. Herein, operando electrochemical Kerr-gated Raman spectroscopy measurements on microcrystalline graphite during complete lithium insertion and extraction are reported and compared to conventional continuous-wave Raman microscopy. Suppression of the fluorescence emission signals via use of the Kerr gate enabled the measurement of the Raman graphitic bands of highly lithiated graphite where 0.5 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 1 for Li <sub><i>x</i></sub> C<sub>6</sub>. The broad graphitic band initially centered at ca. 1590 cm<sup>-1</sup> for Li<sub>0.5</sub>C<sub>6</sub> linearly shifted to ca. 1564 cm<sup>-1</sup> with further lithiation to LiC<sub>6</sub>, thus offering a sensitive diagnostic tool to interrogate high states of charge of graphitic carbon-based negative electrodes.

Item Type: Article
Divisions: Faculty of Science and Engineering > School of Physical Sciences
Depositing User: Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited: 25 Jul 2022 15:02
Last Modified: 18 Jan 2023 20:54
DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01120
Open Access URL: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.2c0...
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URI: https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3159495