Miller, GD, Maxwell, JD, Thompson, A 
ORCID: 0000-0002-7087-9415, Cable, NT, Low, DA, George, KP and Jones, H
(2022)
The effects of exercise training in the cold on cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular function in young healthy individuals.
AUTONOMIC NEUROSCIENCE-BASIC & CLINICAL, 238.
102945-.
Abstract
Exercise elicits acute increases in cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) and provokes long-term beneficial effects on CBFv, thereby reducing cerebrovascular risk. Acute exposure to a cold stimulus also increases CBFv. We compared the impact of exercise training in cold and thermoneutral environments on CFBv, cerebrovascular function and peripheral endothelial function. Twenty-one (16 males, 22 ± 5 years) individuals were randomly allocated to either a cold (5 °C) or thermoneutral (15 °C) exercise intervention. Exercise consisted of 50-min cycling at 70% heart rate max, three times per week for eight weeks. Transcranial Doppler was used to determine pre and post intervention CBFv, dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR<sub>CO2</sub>). Conduit endothelial function, microvascular function and cardiorespiratory fitness were also assessed. Cardiorespiratory fitness improved (2.91 ml.min.kg<sup>-1</sup>, 95%CI 0.49, 5.3; P = 0.02), regardless of exercise setting. Neither intervention had an impact on CBFv, CVR<sub>CO2</sub>, FMD or microvascular function (P > 0.05). There was a significant interaction between time and condition for dCA normalised gain with evidence of a decrease by 0.192%cm.s<sup>-1</sup>.%mmHg<sup>-1</sup> (95%CI -0.318, -0.065) following training in the cold and increase (0.129%cm.s<sup>-1</sup>.%mmHg<sup>-1</sup>, 95%CI 0.011, 0.248) following training in the thermoneutral environment (P = 0.001). This was also evident for dCA phase with evidence of an increase by 0.072 rad (95%CI -0.007, 0.152) following training in the cold and decrease by 0.065 (95%CI -0.144, 0.014) radians following training in the thermoneutral environment (P = 0.02). Both training interventions improved fitness but CBFv, CVR<sub>CO2</sub> and peripheral endothelial function were unaltered. Exercise training in the cold improved dCA whereas thermoneutral negated dCA.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Exercise, Cerebral blood flow, Cold, Cerebral autoregulation, Vascular function |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences > Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology |
| Depositing User: | Symplectic Admin |
| Date Deposited: | 28 Oct 2022 15:10 |
| Last Modified: | 18 Jan 2023 19:48 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.autneu.2022.102945 |
| Open Access URL: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2022.102945 |
| Related URLs: | |
| URI: | https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3165859 |
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