Peripheral Inflammatory Markers TNF-α and CCL2 Revisited: Association with Parkinson's Disease Severity

Xiromerisiou, Georgia, Marogianni, Chrysoula, Lampropoulos, Ioannis C, Dardiotis, Efthimios, Speletas, Matthaios, Ntavaroukas, Panagiotis, Androutsopoulou, Anastasia, Kalala, Fani, Grigoriadis, Nikolaos and Papoutsopoulou, Stamatia ORCID: 0000-0001-6665-8508 (2023) Peripheral Inflammatory Markers TNF-α and CCL2 Revisited: Association with Parkinson's Disease Severity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES, 24 (1). 264-.

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010264

Abstract

One of the major mediators of neuroinflammation in PD is tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), which, similar to other cytokines, is produced by activated microglia and astrocytes. Although TNF-α can be neuroprotective in the brain, long-term neuroinflammation and TNF release can be harmful, having a neurotoxic role that leads to death of oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and neurons and, therefore, is associated with neurodegeneration. Apart from cytokines, a wide family of molecules with homologous structures, namely chemokines, play a key role in neuro-inflammation by drawing cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and activating microglia. The objective of the current study was to examine the levels of the serum TNF-α and CCL2 (Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2), also known as MCP-1 (Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1), in PD patients compared with healthy controls. We also investigated the associations between the serum levels of these two inflammatory mediators and a number of clinical symptoms, in particular, disease severity and cognition. Such an assessment may point to their prognostic value and provide some treatment hints. PD patients with advanced stage on the Hoehn-Yahr scale showed an increase in TNF-α levels compared with PD patients with stages 1 and 2 (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Additionally, the UPDRS score was significantly associated with TNF-α levels. CCL2 levels, however, showed no significant associations.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Parkinson's disease, inflammation, TNF-a, CCL2, MCP-1, biomarkers
Divisions:	Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences > Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	25 Jan 2023 12:54
Last Modified:	17 Oct 2023 07:19
DOI:	10.3390/ijms24010264
Open Access URL:	https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010264
Related URLs:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3167886