Goldie, Stuart J and Coleman, Karl S 
ORCID: 0000-0001-9091-7362
(2023)
Graphitization by Metal Particles.
ACS OMEGA, 8 (3).
pp. 3278-3285.
Abstract
Graphitization of carbon offers a promising route to upcycle waste biomass and plastics into functional carbon nanomaterials for a range of applications including energy storage devices. One challenge to the more widespread utilization of this technology is controlling the carbon nanostructures formed. In this work, we undertake a meta-analysis of graphitization catalyzed by transition metals, examining the available electron microscopy data of carbon nanostructures and finding a correlation between different nanostructures and metal particle size. By considering a thermodynamic description of the graphitization process on transition-metal nanoparticles, we show an energy barrier exists that distinguishes between different growth mechanisms. Particles smaller than ∼25 nm in radius remain trapped within closed carbon structures, while nanoparticles larger than this become mobile and produce nanotubes and ribbons. These predictions agree closely with experimentally observed trends and should provide a framework to better understand and tailor graphitization of waste materials into functional carbon nanostructures.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Bioengineering, Nanotechnology, 7 Affordable and Clean Energy |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Engineering > School of Physical Sciences |
| Depositing User: | Symplectic Admin |
| Date Deposited: | 02 Mar 2023 11:37 |
| Last Modified: | 15 Mar 2024 19:11 |
| DOI: | 10.1021/acsomega.2c06848 |
| Open Access URL: | https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c06848 |
| Related URLs: | |
| URI: | https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3168688 |
Dimensions
Dimensions
