What is the Source of Infections Causing Invasive Nontyphoidal <i>Salmonella</i> Disease?


Chirwa, Esmeda B, Dale, Helen, Gordon, Melita A ORCID: 0000-0002-0629-0884 and Ashton, Philip M (2023) What is the Source of Infections Causing Invasive Nontyphoidal <i>Salmonella</i> Disease? Open forum infectious diseases, 10 (3). ofad086-ofad086.

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Abstract

Invasive nontyphoidal <i>Salmonella</i> (iNTS) disease is a clinical condition distinct from <i>Salmonella</i> gastroenteritis. With an overall case-fatality rate of 14.5%, iNTS remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the sources of infections that lead to cases of iNTS remain unclear. Broadly, there are 2 hypotheses as to the source of infections: (<i>i</i>) transmission from a zoonotic reservoir, similar to other nontyphoidal salmonelloses; or (<i>ii</i>) person-to-person transmission. Here we review several recent studies that have asked, "What is the source of infections causing invasive nontyphoidal <i>Salmonella</i> disease?" Two studies reported isolates in the stool of household members of iNTS cases that were very closely related (<3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms) to the iNTS case isolates; this is consistent with the hypothesis of person-to-person transmission, but infection from a common source (eg, a foodstuff) cannot be excluded. On the other hand, thorough investigations of the domestic environment of iNTS cases and the food pathway found only a single iNTS-associated <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis isolate. Therefore, we recommend that future studies test the hypothesis that iNTS is transmitted between people within the domestic environment. Further studies of food and water pathways are also warranted.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: iNTS, Salmonella, source, transmission
Divisions: Faculty of Health and Life Sciences
Faculty of Health and Life Sciences > Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences
Depositing User: Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited: 17 Mar 2023 10:46
Last Modified: 01 Sep 2023 14:35
DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad086
Related URLs:
URI: https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3169141
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