Lawson, April L, Malalana, Fernando and Mair, Tim S
(2023)
Larval cyathostominosis: Clinicopathological data and treatment outcomes of 38 hospitalised horses (2009-2020).
EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION, 35 (8).
pp. 424-435.
Abstract
<jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>There is limited evidence regarding the treatment and outcomes of larval cyathostominosis.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives</jats:title><jats:p>To describe the presentation, treatment and outcomes of horses with larval cyathostominosis in two equine hospitals.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design</jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective, multicentred cohort study.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Clinical records were reviewed (2009–2020). Inclusion criteria included a diagnosis of larval cyathostominosis (determined by faecal assessment and/or post‐mortem examination). Data were assessed for normality. Descriptive analysis was performed for frequency results and central tendencies. Statistical analysis between survivors and nonsurvivors was determined by Chi‐square/Fisher's exact test for categorical variables, and Student's <jats:italic>t</jats:italic>‐test/Mann–Whitney for continuous variables.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Of 38 cases, 21 (55%) were nonsurvivors (3/38 dead on arrival). Nonsurvivors died by 2.9 days ± 2.4. Tachycardia (mean 61 beats/min ± 14), leucocytosis (mean 17.1 × 10<jats:sup>9</jats:sup>/L ± 9.1), neutrophilia (mean 14.1 × 10<jats:sup>9</jats:sup>/L ± 8.5), hypoalbuminaemia (mean 21.6 g/L ± 6.0), hyperfibrinogenaemia (mean 7.4 g/L ± 2.6) and elevated serum amyloid A (SAA) (median 315.0 mg/L, interquartile range [IQR] 117.0–1460.0) were consistent findings. Faecal shedding of <jats:italic>Salmonella</jats:italic> spp. occurred in four cases. The mean last recorded albumin was 18.6 g/L ± 4.5 and total protein (TP) 52.3 g/L ± 13.6. Crystalloids were administered in 25/35, synthetic colloids in 5/35 and plasma in 17/35 cases. Anthelmintic treatment was administered in 25/35 cases, of which 22 also received corticosteroids. Recumbency prior to admission (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.037) and administration of isotonic fluid therapy (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.027) were associated with nonsurvival. From peripheral blood analysis, lower TP (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.006) and higher SAA (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.050) concentrations at admission as well as lower last recorded TP (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.002) and lower last recorded albumin concentrations (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.028) were associated with nonsurvival.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main limitations</jats:title><jats:p>Results may not be applicable to other populations.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>Referred cases of larval cyathostominosis have a low survival rate. Several variables are associated with reduced survival: history of recumbency, isotonic fluid therapy, elevated SAA at admission, low TP at admission, low last recorded TP and low last recorded albumin.</jats:p></jats:sec>
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | horse, cyathostomin, diarrhoea, small red worms, small strongyles, survival |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences > Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences |
| Depositing User: | Symplectic Admin |
| Date Deposited: | 31 Mar 2023 11:23 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Aug 2023 02:55 |
| DOI: | 10.1111/eve.13782 |
| Open Access URL: | https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.13782 |
| Related URLs: | |
| URI: | https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3169393 |
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