Maestri, Alice 
ORCID: 0000-0002-2176-8831, Pursey, Elizabeth, Chong, Charlotte, Pons, Benoit ORCID: 0000-0002-9137-1047, Gandon, Sylvain, Custodio, Rafael, Chisnall, Matthew, Grasso, Anita, Paterson, Steve ORCID: 0000-0002-1307-2981, Baker, Kate ORCID: 0000-0001-5850-1949 et al (show 3 more authors)
(2023)
Bacterial defences interact synergistically by disrupting phage cooperation.
[Preprint]
Abstract
<h4>Summary</h4> The constant arms race between bacteria and their phages has resulted in a large diversity of bacterial defence systems 1,2 , with many bacteria carrying several systems 3,4 . In response, phages often carry counter-defence genes 5–9 . If and how bacterial defence mechanisms interact to protect against phages with counter-defence genes remains unclear. Here, we report the existence of a novel defence system, coined MADS (Methylation Associated Defence System), which is located in a strongly conserved genomic defence hotspot in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and distributed across Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. We find that the natural co-existence of MADS and a Type IE CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune system in the genome of P. aeruginosa SMC4386 provides synergistic levels of protection against phage DMS3, which carries an anti-CRISPR ( acr ) gene. Previous work has demonstrated that Acr-phages need to cooperate to overcome CRISPR immunity, with a first sacrificial phage causing host immunosuppression to enable successful secondary phage infections 10,11 . Modelling and experiments show that the co-existence of MADS and CRISPR-Cas provides strong and durable protection against Acr-phages by disrupting their cooperation and limiting the spread of mutants that overcome MADS. These data reveal that combining bacterial defences can robustly neutralise phage with counter-defence genes, even if each defence on its own can be readily by-passed, which is key to understanding how selection acts on defence combinations and their coevolutionary consequences.
| Item Type: | Preprint |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Genetics, Infection |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences > Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences |
| Depositing User: | Symplectic Admin |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Apr 2023 14:42 |
| Last Modified: | 15 Mar 2024 02:51 |
| DOI: | 10.1101/2023.03.30.534895 |
| Open Access URL: | https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.03.30.534895 |
| Related URLs: | |
| URI: | https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3169431 |
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