Japanese Encephalitis among Adults: A Review.

Hills, Susan L, Netravathi, M and Solomon, Tom ORCID: 0000-0001-7266-6547 (2023) Japanese Encephalitis among Adults: A Review. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 108 (5). tpmd230036-tpmd230036.

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Abstract

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is becoming an increasingly important issue among adults. The reasons for this are multifactorial. During the past decades, new areas of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) transmission have occurred in several locations, most notably in a markedly expanded area of Australia during 2021-2022. When JEV enters new areas, cases in adults frequently occur. This is unlike the typical pattern in endemic areas where the burden of disease is in children because most adults are protected through natural immunity following earlier exposure to the virus. Even in endemic areas, JEV has become relatively more important in adults because improved JE control through childhood immunization programs has resulted in a substantial decrease in pediatric JE cases and thus more prominence of adult JE cases. Finally, increases in tourism to JE risk areas have resulted in more exposure of adult travelers, who are usually non-immune, to infection in JE risk areas. In this review we describe the increasing importance of JE in adults in some areas and then consider the comparative clinical presentation and severity of illness among children and adults.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Humans, Encephalitis Virus, Japanese, Encephalitis, Japanese, Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines, Adult, Child, Immunization Programs, Australia, Immunity, Innate
Divisions:	Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences > Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	17 Apr 2023 15:39
Last Modified:	10 Apr 2024 01:30
DOI:	10.4269/ajtmh.23-0036
Related URLs:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3169626