A high-throughput HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of pyrethroid and pyriproxyfen in long-lasting insecticide-treated nets

Walker, Kyle J, Williams, Christopher T, Oladepo, Folasade O, Lucas, John, Malone, David, Paine, Mark JI ORCID: 0000-0003-2061-7713 and Ismail, Hanafy M (2022) A high-throughput HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of pyrethroid and pyriproxyfen in long-lasting insecticide-treated nets. SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 12 (1). 9715-.

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Abstract

Long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) play a crucial role in preventing malaria transmission. LLINs should remain effective for at least three years, even after repeated washings. Currently, monitoring insecticides in LLINs is cumbersome, costly, and requires specialized equipment and hazardous solvents. Our aim was to develop a simple, high-throughput and low-resource method for measuring insecticides in LLINs. To extract insecticides, polyethylene-LLIN samples were heated at 85 °C for 45 min in a non-hazardous solvent mix containing dicyclohexylphthalate as an internal standard. The extraction solvent was reduced from 50 to 5 ml using a 0.2 g sample, 90% smaller than the recommended sample size. By optimizing HPLC chromatography, we simultaneously detected pyrethroid and pyriproxyfen insecticides with high sensitivity in LLIN's extract. The method can quantify levels ≥ 0.0015% permethrin, 0.00045% alpha-cypermethrin and 0.00025% pyriproxyfen (w/w) in polyethylene, allowing for insecticide tracking before and after the use of LLINs. This method can be used to assess LLINs with 1% pyriproxyfen (pyriproxyfen-LLIN) or 2% permethrin (Olyset® Net), 1% pyriproxyfen and 2% permethrin (Olyset® Duo), or 0.55% pyriproxyfen and 0.55% alpha-cypermethrin (Royal Gaurd®). One can run 120 samples (40 nets) simultaneously with high precision and accuracy, improving throughput and reducing labour, costs, and environmental impact.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Animals, Anopheles, Polyethylenes, Pyrethrins, Permethrin, Pyridines, Insecticides, Solvents, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Mosquito Control, Insecticide Resistance, Insecticide-Treated Bednets
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	05 Jul 2023 14:56
Last Modified:	05 Jul 2023 14:57
DOI:	10.1038/s41598-022-13768-z
Related URLs:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3171434