Herrera, Carolina, Serwanga, Jennifer, Else, Laura, Limakatso, Lebina, Opoka, Daniel, Ssemata, Andrew S, Pillay, Azure-Dee, Namubiru, Patricia, Seiphetlo, Thabiso B, Odoch, Geoffrey et al (show 19 more authors)
(2023)
Dose finding study for on-demand HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis for insertive sex in sub-Saharan Africa: results from the CHAPS open label randomised controlled trial.
EBIOMEDICINE, 93.
104648-.
Abstract
<h4>Background</h4>The efficacy of on-demand HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for men in sub-Saharan Africa has not been evaluated, and the on-demand PrEP dosing requirement for insertive sex remains unknown.<h4>Methods</h4>HIV-negative males 13-24 years, requesting voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC), were enrolled into an open-label randomised controlled trial (NCT03986970), and randomised 1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1 to control arm or one of eight arms receiving emtricitabine-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (F/TDF) or emtricitabine-tenofovir alafenamide (F/TAF) over one or two days, and circumcised 5 or 21 h thereafter. The primary outcome was foreskin p24 concentrations following ex vivo HIV-1<sub>BaL</sub> challenge. Secondary outcomes included peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) p24 concentration, and drug concentrations in foreskin tissue, PBMCs, plasma and foreskin CD4+/CD4-cells. In the control arm, post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) activity of non-formulated tenofovir-emtricitabine (TFV-FTC) or TAF-FTC was assessed with ex vivo dosing 1, 24, 48 or 72 h post-HIV-1 challenge.<h4>Findings</h4>144 participants were analysed. PrEP with F/TDF or F/TAF prevented ex vivo infection of foreskins and PBMCs both 5 and 21 h after PrEP dosing. There was no difference between F/TDF and F/TAF (p24<sub>day15</sub> geometric mean ratio 1.06, 95% confidence interval: 0.65-1.74). Additional ex vivo dosing did not further increase inhibition. In the control arm, PEP ex vivo dosing was effective up to 48 post-exposure diminishing thereafter, with TAF-FTC showing prolonged protection compared to TFV-FTC. Participants receiving F/TAF had higher TFV-DP concentrations in foreskin tissue and PBMCs compared with F/TDF, irrespective of dose and sampling interval; but F/TAF did not confer preferential TFV-DP distribution into foreskin HIV target cells. FTC-TP concentrations with both drug regimens were equivalent and ∼1 log higher than TFV-DP in foreskin.<h4>Interpretation</h4>A double dose of either F/TDF or F/TAF given once either 5 or 21 h before ex vivo HIV-challenge provided protection across foreskin tissue. Further clinical evaluation of pre-coital PrEP for insertive sex is warranted.<h4>Funding</h4>EDCTP2, Gilead Sciences, Vetenskapsrådet.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Adolescents, Foreskin, HIV-1, Oral PrEP, PK/PD, Tissue explants |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences > Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology |
| Depositing User: | Symplectic Admin |
| Date Deposited: | 29 Sep 2023 09:21 |
| Last Modified: | 29 Sep 2023 09:21 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104648 |
| Open Access URL: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104648 |
| Related URLs: | |
| URI: | https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3173195 |
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