Hobson, Theodore DC, Thomas, Luke, Phillips, Laurie J, Jones, Leanne AH, Smiles, Matthew J, Don, Christopher H, Thakur, Pardeep K, Shiel, Huw, Campbell, Stephen, Barrioz, Vincent et al (show 4 more authors)
(2023)
n-type CdTe:In for photovoltaics: in situ doping, type verification and compensation effects.
Journal of Physics: Energy, 5 (4).
045012-045012.
Abstract
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>We explored the <jats:italic>in-situ</jats:italic> doping of cadmium telluride thin films with indium to produce n-type absorbers as an alternative to the near-universal choice of p-type for photovoltaic devices. The films were grown by close space sublimation from melt-synthesised feedstock. Transfer of the indium during film growth was limited to 0.0014%–0.014%—unless reducing conditions were used which yielded 14%–28% efficient transport. While chunks of bulk feedstock were verified as n-type by the hot probe method, carrier type of thin film material was only able to be verified by using hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the Fermi level position within the band gap. The assignment of n-type conductivity was consistent with the rectification behaviour of a p-InP/CdTe:In junction. However, chloride treatment had the effect of compensating n-CdTe:In to near-intrinsic levels. Without chloride, the highest dopant activation was 20% of the chemical concentration of indium, this being for a film having a carrier concentration of <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 2 × 10<jats:sup>15</jats:sup> cm<jats:sup>−3</jats:sup>. However, the activation was often much lower, and compensation due to over-doping with indium and native defects (stoichiometry) are discussed. Results from preliminary bifacial devices comprising Au/P3HT/ZnTe/CdTe:In/CdS/FTO/glass are presented.</jats:p>
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | CdTe, photovoltaics, n-type, in-situ doping, photoemission |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Engineering > School of Physical Sciences |
| Depositing User: | Symplectic Admin |
| Date Deposited: | 02 Oct 2023 08:15 |
| Last Modified: | 25 Oct 2023 11:05 |
| DOI: | 10.1088/2515-7655/acfbf8 |
| Open Access URL: | https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2515-76... |
| Related URLs: | |
| URI: | https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3173247 |
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