Collapse authors list.
Glasbey, James, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji, Bhatt, Alisha, Biccard, Bruce, Blazeby, Jane, Brocklehurst, Peter, Chakrabortee, Sohini, Ingabire, JC Allen, Dossou, Francis Moise, Duran, Irani et al (show 1021 more authors) , Dutta, Rohini, Ghosh, Dhruva, Gyamfi, Frank, Haque, Parvez, Hardy, Pollyanna, Horton, Mike, Hyman, Gabriella, Jain, Ritu, Ladipo-Ajayi, Oluwaseun, Lawani, Ismail, Lawani, Souliath, Kachapila, Mwayi, Lillywhite, Rachel, Macefield, Rhiannon, Magill, Laura, Martin, Janet, Mathers, Jonathan, McLean, Kenneth, Mistry, Punam, Mittal, Rohin, Monahan, Mark, Moore, Rachel, Morton, Dion, Ojo, Moyo, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Ofori, Emmanuel, Pearse, Rupert, Peon, Alberto, Pinkney, Thomas, de la Medina, Antonio Ramos, Ronald, Tubasiime, Roman, David, Runingamugabo, Emmy, Sitch, Alice, Slade, Anita, Smith, Donna, Tabiri, Stephen, Bhangu, Aneel, Glasbey, James, Slade, Anita, Horton, Mike, Macefield, Rhiannon, Bhangu, Aneel, Hardy, Pollyanna, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O, Ismail, Lawani, Ghosh, Dhruva, de la Medina, Antonio Ramos, Moore, Rachel, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Tabiri, Stephen, Runingamugabo, Emmy, Patrawala, Simin, Prah, Angela, Oko, Christian, Kroese, Karolin, Lawani, Ismail, Dossou, Francis Moise, Dzemta, Corinne, Kandokponou, Covalic Melic Bokossa, Lawani, Souliath, Behanzin, Hulrich, Kpangon, Cyrile, Ofori, Bernard Appiah, Tabiri, Stephen, Saba, Abdul-Hafiz, Limann, Gbana, Acquah, Daniel Kwesi, Alhassan, Shamudeen Mohammed, Mohammed, Sheriff, Emmanuel, Owusu Abem, Musah, Yakubu, Edwin, Yenli, Kunfah, Sheba, Mustapha, Yakubu, Francis, Abantanga Atindaana, Ayingayure, Emmanuel, Limann, Gbana, Amponsah-Manu, Forster, Agyemang, Eric, Agyekum, Vera, Adjei-Acquah, Esther, Twerefour, Emmanuel Yaw, Koomson, Barbra, Boateng, Ruby Acheampong, Acquah, Ato Oppong, Ofosu-Akromah, Richard, Adam-Zakariah, Leslie Issa, Adu-Aryee, Nii Armah, Wordui, Theodore, Larbi, Coomson Christian, Enoch, Akosa Appiah, Elijah, Mensah, Christian, Kyeremeh, Kwame, Addo Gyambibi, Percy, Boakye, Bismark, Kontor Effah, Brian, Gyamfi, Ruth, Manu, Hussey, Romeo, Dadzie, Samuel, Appiah, Akosua Dwamena, Yeboah, Grace, Yeboah, Cynthia, Amoako, James, Acquah, Regina, Sowah, Naa Anyekaa, Kusiwaa, Atta, Asabre, Esther, Ballu, Cletus, Barimah, Charles Gyamfi, Owusu, Frank, Sie-Broni, Clement, Adobea, Vivian, Owusu, Prince Yeboah, Zume, Marshall, Labaran, Abdul-Hamid, Adu-Brobbey, Raphael, Morna, Martin Tangnaa, Debrah, Samuel A, Maison, Patrick Opoku Manu, Nortey, Michael, Enti, Donald, Amoako-Boateng, Mabel Pokuah, Appiah, Anthony Baffour, Ofori, Emmanuel Owusu, Kpankpari, Richard, Boakye, Benedict, Quartson, Elizabert Mercy, Koggoh, Patience, Agbeko, Anita Eseenam, Gyamfi, Frank Enoch, Arthur, Joshua, Yorke, Joseph, Gyasi-Sarpong, Christian Kofi, Dally, Charles, Lovi, Agbenya Kobla, Amoah, Michael, Nimako, Boateng, Sagoe, Robert, Davor, Anthony, Galley, Fareeda, Adinku, Michael, Boakye-Yiadom, Jonathan, Acquaye, Jane, Appiah, Juliana, Acheampong, Dorcas Otuo, Haruna, Iddrisu, Boateng, Edward Amoah, Ayodeji, Emmanuel Kafui, Tuffuor, Samuel, Kwarley, Naa, Tufuor, Yaa, Abdulai, Ramatu Darling, Dankwah, Fred, Armah, Ralph, Ofosuhene, Doris, Osei-Poku, Dorcas, Temitope, Arkorful Ebenezer, Gakpetor, Delali Akosua, Gawu, Victoria Sena, Asare, Christopher, Tackie, Enoch, Ankomah, James, Nyarko, Isaac Omane, Robertson, Zelda, Godwin, Serbeh, Boakye, Appiah Anthony, Fosu, Godfred, Assah-Adjei, Frank, Haque, Parvez, Jain, Ritu, Bhatt, Alisha, Dhiman, Jyoti, Dutta, Rohini, Ghosh, Dhruva, Daniel, Esther, Priyadarshini, K, Madankumar, Latha, Mittal, Rohin, Nagomy, Ida, Prasad, Soosan, Mathew, Arpit Jacob, Prakash, Danita, Jacob, Priya, Anachy, Jeremiah P, Mathew, Amy, Thomas, Josy, Alexander, Philip V, Zechariah, Pradeep, Aruldas, Neerav D, Mehraj, Asif, Ahmed, Hafsa Imtiyaz, Wani, Rauf A, Parray, Fazl Q, Chowdri, Nisar A, de la Medina, Antonio Ramos, Maldonado, Laura Martinez Perez, Vazquez, Diana S Gonzalez, Duran Sanchez, Iran I, Martinez Lara, Maria J, de la Fuente, Alejandra Nayen Sainz, Cortes Flores, Ana O, Barreto Gallo, Mariana E, Ojeda, Alejandro Gonzalez, Jimenez Velasco, Monica E, Miguelena, Luis Hernandez, Cervantes Ortiz, Reyes J, Hernandez, Gonzalez Gonzalo I, Romero, Marco Hurtado, Hernandez, Krauss Rosa I, Dominguez Sansores, Luis A, Cuevas Avendano, Alejandro, Cuellar Aguirre, Celina, Baltazar Gomez, Isaac, Ortiz Mejia, Hector, Gonzalez Ojeda, Alejandro, Olvera Flores, Oscar E, Gonzalez Garcia de Rojas, Erick A, Pintor Belmontes, Kevin J, Barbosa Camacho, Francisco J, Bernal Hernandez, Aldo, Aguirre, Laura Reyes, Moran Galaviz, Ruben E, Orozco, Clotilde Fuentes, angeles Bueno, Wenceslao G, Ramirez Marbello, Fernando S, Luna Acevedo, Diego E, Valadez, Michel Hernandez, Bogurin Arellano, Ana L, Ramirez-Gonzalez, Luis R, Guzman Ramirez, Bertha G, Robles, Eduardo Valtierra, Rojas, Garcia Ramona I, Perez, Navarro Jose V, Cortes Torres, Edgar J, Dominguez Solano, David R, Peon, Alberto N, Lincona Menindez, Roque D, Gamez, Rozana Reyes, Paz Munoz, Maria C, Belie, Orimisan, Adeleye, Victoria, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji, Adeniyi, Oluwafunmilayo, Akinajo, Opeyemi, Akinboyewa, David, Alakaloko, Felix, Atoyebi, Oluwole, Balogun, Olanrewaju, Bode, Christopher, Elebute, Olumide, Ezenwankwo, Francis, Adedotun, Adesiyakan, Ihediwa, George, Kuku, Jubril, Ladipo-Ajayi, Oluwaseun, Makanjuola, Ayomide, Nwokocha, Samuel, Ogein, Olubunmi, Ojewola, Rufus, Oladimeji, Abraham, Olajide, Thomas, Alasi, Iyabo, Oluseye, Oluwaseun, Seyi-Olajide, Justina, Soibi-Harry, Adaiah, Williams, Emmanuel, Vincent, Agbulu Moses, Duru, Nnamdi Jonathan, Onyekachi, Kenneth Uche, Ashley, Christiana, Mgbemena, Chinelo Victoria, Ojo, Moyosoluwa, Oluyemisi, Olowu, Ikuewunmi, Iyabode, Adebunmi, Adeoluwa, Bassey, Edet Glory, Ohazurike, Ephraim Okwudiri, Amao, Olayide Michael, Oluwaseun, Osunwusi Benedetto, Doris, Emily, Stephen, Olutola, Gbenga-Oke, Christianah, Olayioye, Olawunmi, Oluyemisi, Olowu, Oluremi, Kayode, Abunimye, Esther, Oyegbola, Christianah, Kayode, Olayade, Orowale, Adeola Ayoola, Williams, Omolara M, Omisanjo, Olufunmilade A, Faboya, Omolara M, Imam, Zainab O, Oshodi, Olabode A, Oshodi, Yusuf A, Ogunyemi, Ayokunle A, Ajai, Olalekan T, Nwaenyi, Francisca C, Adisa, Adewale O, Aderounmu, Adewale A, Wuraola, Funmilola O, Sowande, Oludayo, Abdur-Rahman, Lukman Olajide, Bello, Jibril Oyekunle, Raji, Hadijat Olaide, Adeleke, Nurudeen Abiola, Lawal, Saheed Abolade, Afolabi, Rafiat Tinuola, Lawal, Abdulwahab, Ekwunife, Okechukwu Hyginus, Egwuonwu, Ochomma Amobi, Uche, Chisom Faith, Muhammad, Abubakar Bala AB, Muhammad, Saminu S, Takai, Idris Usman IU, Aliyu Salele, Mohammed AS, Ukata, Onyekachi G, Magashi, Mahmoud Kawu MK, Abdullahi, Lawal Barau LB, Muideen, Bello Abodunde BA, Ado, Khadija A, Anyawu, Lofty-John Chukwuemeka LJC, Olori, Samson, Sani, Samuel A, Osagie, Olabisi O, Mbajiekwe, Ndubuisi, Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Oseremen, Akaba, Godwin O, Ameh, Lazarus, Ameh, Lazarus, Adebayo, Francis O, Uanikhoba, Martins, Ogbo, Felix O, Tabuanu, Nancy O, Lawal, Taiwo A, Abdus-Salam, Rukiyat A, Ajao, Akinlabi E, Takure, Augustine O, Ayandipo, Omobolaji O, Ekwuazi, Hyginus O, Abayomi, Olukayode, Lawal, Olatunji O, Olagunju, Solomon, Egbuchulem, Kelvin I, Adebayo, Sikiru Adekola, Elemile, Peter, Usang, Usang E, Udosen, Joseph E, Edet, Expo E, Inyang, Akan W, Olory, Edima M, Udie, Gabriel U, Chiejina, Godwin O, Marwa, Adams D, Iseh, Faith J, Ogbeche, Sunday A, Isa, Mary O, Ezomike, Uchechukwu O, Ekenze, Sebastian O, Eze, Matthew I, Izuka, Emmanuel O, Ede, Jude K, Enemuo, Vincent C, Mbadiwe, Okezie M, Mbah, Ngozi G, Imanishimwe, Alphonsine, Habumuremyi, Sosthene, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Ingabire, JC Allen, Ncogoza, Isaie, Munyaneza, Emmanuel, de Dieu Haragirimana, Jean, Urimubabo, Christian Jean, Mukanyange, Violette, Nyirahabimana, Jeannette, Mutabazi, Emmanuel, Mpirimbanyi, Christophe, Mwenedata, Olivier, Maniraguha, Hope Lydia, Izabiriza, Emelyne, Dusabe, Moses, Zirikana, Job, Uwizeyimana, Francine, Mutuyimana, Josiane, Rwagahirima, Elisee, Imanishimwe, Alphonsine, Tubasiime, Ronald, Munyaneza, Aphrodis, Habumuremyi, Sosthene, Kanyarukiko, Salathiel, Ndegamiye, Gibert, Mukaneza, Francine, Uwimana, Jean Claude, Nyirangeri, Pierrine, Mukantibaziyaremye, Deborah, Hirwa, Aime Dieudonne, Mbonimpaye, Salomee, Muroruhirwe, Piolette, Mukakomite, Christine, Kabanda, Elysee, Moore, Rachel, Nhlabathi, Ncamsile Anthea, Fourtounas, Maria, Adams, Mary Augusta, Hyman, Gabriella, Nxumalo, Hlengiwe Samkelisiwe, Sentholang, Nnosa, Sethoana, Mmule Evelyn, Mathe, Mpho Nosipho, Ally, Zain, Flint, Margot, Biccard, Bruce, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O, Adisa, Adewale O, Bhangu, Aneel, Brocklehurst, Peter, Chakrabortee, Sohini, Hardy, Pollyanna, Harrison, Ewen, Ingabire, JC Allen, Haque, Parvez D, Ismail, Lawani, Glasbey, James, Ghosh, Dhruva, Gyamfi, Frank Enoch, Li, Elizabeth, Lillywhite, Rachel, de la Medina, Antonio Ramos, Moore, Rachel, Magill, Laura, Morton, Dion, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Pinkney, Thomas, Omar, Omar, Simoes, Joana, Smith, Donna, Tabiri, Stephen, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O, Ismail, Lawani, Ghosh, Dhruva, de la Medina, Antonio Ramos, Moore, Rachel, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Tabiri, Stephen, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji, Bhangu, Aneel, Brant, Felicity, Brocklehurst, Peter, Chakrabortee, Sohini, Ghosh, Dhruva, Glasbey, James, Hardy, Pollyanna, Harrison, Ewen, Heritage, Emily, Ismail, Lawani, Kroese, Karolin, Lapitan, Carmela, Lillywhite, Rachel, Lissauer, David 
ORCID: 0000-0002-7878-2327, Magill, Laura, de la Medina, Antonio Ramos, Mistry, Punam, Monahan, Mark, Moore, Rachel, Morton, Dion, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Omar, Omar, Pinkney, Thomas, Roberts, Tracy, Smith, Donna, Tabiri, Stephen, Winkles, Neil, Hardy, Pollyanna, Omar, Omar, Runigamugabo, Emmy, Verjee, Azmina, Sodonougbo, Pierre, Assouto, Pamphile, Fiogbe, Michel, Koco, Houenoukpo, Metchinhoungbe, Serge, Sogbo, Hodonou, Behanzin, Hulrich, Seto, Djifid Morel, Tandje, Yannick, Kangni, Sosthene, Kpangon, Cyrile, Akpla, Marcelin, Chobli, Hugues Herve, Kovohouande, Blaise, Agboton, Gerard, Ahossi, Rene, Ngabo, Raoul Baderha, Bisimwa, Nathan, Kandokponou, Covalic Melic Bokossa, Dokponou, Mireille, Dossou, Francis Moise, Dzemta, Corinne, Gaou, Antoine, Goudou, Roland, Hedefoun, Emmanuel, Houtoukpe, Sunday, Kamga, Felix, Kiki-Migan, Eric, Lawani, Souliath, Lawani, Ismail, Loko, Rene, Moutairou, Afissatou, Ogouyemi, Pencome, Soumanou, Fouad, Tamadaho, Pia, Zounon, Mack-Arthur, Adagrah, Luke Aniakwo, Alhassan, Bin Baaba Alhaji, Amoako-Boateng, Mabel Pokuah, Appiah, Anthony Baffour, Asante-Asamani, Alvin, Boakye, Benedict, Debrah, Samuel A, Enti, Donald, Ganiyu, Rahman Adebisi, Koggoh, Patience, Kpankpari, Richard, Opandoh, Isabella Naa M, Manu, Meshach Agyemang, Manu, Maison Patrick Opoku, Mensah, Samuel, Morna, Martin Tangnaa, Nkrumah, John, Nortey, Michael, Ofori, Emmanuel Owusu, Quartson, Elizaberth Mercy, Adjei-Acquah, Esther, Agyekum, Vera, Agyemang, Eric, Akesseh, Rebecca Adjeibah, Amponsah-Manu, Forster, Ofosu-Akromah, Richard, Acquah, Ato Oppong, Adam-Zakariah, Leslie Issa, Asabre, Esther, Boateng, Ruby Acheampong, Koomson, Barbara, Kusiwaa, Ataa, Twerefour, Emmanuel Yaw, Ankomah, James, Assah-Adjei, Frank, Boakye, Anthony Appiah, Fosu, Godfred, Serbeh, Godwin, Gyan, Kofi Yeboah, Nyarko, Isaac Omane, Robertson, Zelda, Armah, Ralph, Asare, Christopher, Gakpetor, Delali Akosua, Gawu, Victoria Sena, Obbeng, Ambe, Ofosuhene, Doris, Osei-Poku, Dorcas, Puozaa, Diana, Tackie, Enoch, Temitope, Arkorful Ebenezer, Acquah, Regina, Amoako, James, Appiah, Akosua Dwamena, Aseti, Mark, Banka, Charles, Dadzie, Samuel, Essien, Derick, Gyamfi, Frank Enoch, Hussey, Romeo, Kwarteng, Jemima, Sowah, Naa Anyekaa, Yeboah, Grace, Yeboah, Cynthia, Addo, Kwame Gyambibi, Akosa, Enoch Appiah, Boakye, Percy, Coompson, Christian Larbi, Gyamfi, Brian, Kontor, Bismark Effah, Kyeremeh, Christian, Manu, Ruth, Mensah, Elijah, Solae, Friko Ibrahim, Toffah, Gideon Kwasi, Acheampong, Dorcas Otuo, Acquaye, Jane, Adinku, Michael, Agbedinu, Kwabena, Agbeko, Anita Eseenam, Amankwa, Emmanuel Gyimah, Amoah, Michael, Amoah, George, Appiah, Juliana, Arthur, Joshua, Ayim, Alex, Ayodeji, Emmanuel Kafui, Boakye-Yiadom, Jonathan, Boateng, Edward Amoah, Dally, Charles, Davor, Anthony, Gyasi-Sarpong, Christian Kofi, Hamidu, Naabo Nuhu Noel, Haruna, Iddrisu, Kwarley, Naa, Lovi, Agbenya Kobla, Nimako, Boateng, Nyadu, Bertina Beauty, Opoku, Dominic, Osabutey, Anita, Sagoe, Robert, Tuffour, Samuel, Tufour, Yaa, Yamoah, Francis Akwaw, Yefieye, Abiboye Cheduko, Yorke, Joseph, Adu-Aryee, Nii Armah, Adjei, Faisal, Akoto, Erica, Ametefe, Elikem, Amoako, Joachim Kwaku, Attepor, Godsway Solomon, Brown, George Darko, Fenu, Benjamin, Kumassah, Philemon Kwame, Olayiwola, David Olatayo, Wordui, Theodore, Agboadoh, Nelson, Abubakari, Fatao, Ballu, Cletus, Barimah, Charles Gyamfi, Boateng, Guy Casskey, Luri, Prosper Tonwisi, Titigah, Abraham, Owusu, Frank, Adu-Brobbey, Raphael, Coompson, Christian Larbi, Labaran, Abdul-Hamid, Owusu, Junior Atta, Adobea, Vivian, Bennin, Amos, Dankwah, Fred, Doe, Stanley, Kantanka, Ruth Sarfo, Kobby, Ephraim, Larnyor, Kennedy Kofi Korankye Hanson, Osei, Edwin, Owusu, Prince Yeboah, Sie-Broni, Clement Ayum, Zume, Marshall, Abantanga, Francis Atindaana, Abdulai, Darling Ramatu, Acquah, Daniel Kwesi, Ayingayure, Emmanuel, Osman, Imoro, Kunfah, Sheba, Limann, Gbana, Mohammed, Shamudeen Alhassan, Mohammed, Sheriff, Musah, Yakubu, Ofori, Bernard, Owusu, Emmanuel Abem, Saba, Abdul-Hafiz, Seidu, Anwar Sadat, Tabiri, Stephen, Yakubu, Mustapha, Yenli, Edwin Mwintiereh Taang, Gautham, Arun, Hepzibah, Alice, Mary, Grace, Singh, Deepak, Bhatti, Dimple, Bhatti, William, Bir, Karan, Daniel, Swati, Dhar, Tapasya, Dhiman, Jyoti, Ghosh, Dhruva, Goyal, Sunita, Goyal, Ankush, Hans, Monika, Haque, Parvez, Konda, Samuel, Luther, Anil, Mahajan, Amit, Makkar, Shalini, Mandrelle, Kavita, Michael, Vishal, Mukherjee, Partho, Rajappa, Reuben, Singh, Prashant, Suroy, Atul, Thind, Ravinder, Thomas, Alen, Tuli, Arti, Veetil, Sreejith, Jesudason, Esther Daniel Mark, Priyadarshini, K, Madankumar, Latha, Mittal, Rohin, Nagomy, Ida, Selvakumar, Rajesh, Shankar, Bharat, Sivakumar, Moonish, Sridhar, Rajeevan, Thomas, Cecil, Titus, Devabalan, Aggarwal, Manisha, Dhamija, Parth, Gupta, Himani, Kanna, Vinoth, Kumar, Ashwani, Singh, Gurtaj, Alexander, Philip, Thomas, Josy, Zechariah, Pradeep, Dasari, Amos, Jacob, Priya, Kurien, Elizabeth, Mathew, Arpit, Prakash, Danita, Susan, Anju, Varghese, Rose, Alpheus, Rahul, Choudhrie, Ashish, Kumar, Hemanth, Peters, Nitin, Raul, Subrat, Sharma, Rajeev, Vakil, Rakesh, Bueno, Wenceslao Angeles, Camacho, Francisco Barbosa, Hernandez, Aldo Bernal, Arellano, Ana Bogurin, Torres, Edgar Cortes, Orozco, Clotilde Fuentes, de Rojas, Erick Gonzalez Garcia, Ojeda, Alejandro Gonzalez, Ramirez, Bertha Guzman, Valadez, Michel Hernandez, Acevedo, Diego Luna, Galaviz, Ruben Moran, Flores, Oscar Olvera, Navarro, Jose Perez, Belmontes, Kevin Pintor, Marbello, Fernando Ramirez, Ramirez-Gonzalez, Luis, Aguirre, Laura Reyes, Garcia, Ramona Rojas, Robles, Eduardo Valtierra, Cervantes, Reyes Ortiz, Gonzalez, Gonzalo Hernandez, Krauss, Rosa Hernandez, Miguelena, Luis Hernandez, Romero, Marco Hurtado, Gomez, Isaac Baltazar, Aguirre, Celina Cuellar, Avendano, Alejandro Cuevas, Sansores, Luis Dominguez, Mejia, Hector Ortiz, del Campo, Laura Urdapilleta Gomez, Cerdan, Claudia Caballero, Solano, David Dominguez, Garcia, Rafael Toriz, Gallo, Mariana Barreto, Flores, Ana Cortes, Ojeda, Alejandro Gonzalez, Velasco, Monica Jimenez, Gamez, Rozana Reyes, Menindez, Roque Lincona, Peon, Alberto Navarrete, Munoz, Maria Paz, Sanchez, Iran Irani Duran, Vazquez, Diana Samantha Gonzalez, Lara, Maria Jose Martinez, Maldonado, Laura Martinez Perez, de la Fuente, Alejandra Nayen Sainz, de la Medina, Antonio Ramos, Abdullahi, Lawal, Ado, Khadija, Aliyu, Mohammed, Anyanwu, Lofty-John, Magashi, Mahmoud, Muhammad, Abubakar, Muhammad, Saminu, Muideen, Bello, Takai, Idris, Ukata, Onyekachi, Adesanya, Opeoluwa, Awonuga, David, Fasiku, Olushola, Ogo, Chidiebere, Abdulsalam, Moruf, Adeniran, Abimbola, Ajai, Olalekan, Akande, Olukemi, Atobatele, Kazeem, Eke, Grace, Faboya, Omolara, Imam, Zainab, Momson, Esther, Nwaenyi, Francisca, Ogunyemi, Ayokunle, Oludara, Mobolaji, Omisanjo, Olufunmilade, Oshodi, Olabode, Oshodi, Yusuf, Oyewole, Yemisi, Salami, Omotade, Williams, Omolara, Adeleye, Victoria, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji, Adeniyi, Oluwafunmilayo, Akinajo, Opeyemi, Akinboyewa, David, Alasi, Iyabo, Alakaloko, Felix, Atoyebi, Oluwole, Balogun, Olanrewaju, Belie, Orimisan, Bode, Christopher, Ekwesianya, Andrew, Elebute, Olumide, Ezenwankwo, Francis, Fatuga, Adedeji, Ihediwa, George, Jimoh, Adesola, Kuku, Jubril, LadipoAjayi, Oluwaseun, Makanjuola, Ayomide, Mokwenyei, Olayanju, Nwokocha, Samuel, Ogein, Olubunmi, Ojewola, Rufus, Oladimeji, Abraham, Olajide, Thomas, Oluseye, Oluwaseun, Seyi-Olajide, Justina, Soibi-Harry, Adaiah, Ugwu, Aloy, Williams, Emmanuel, Egwuonwu, Ochomma, Ekwunife, Okechukwu, Modekwe, Victor, Okoro, Chukwuemeka, Uche, Chisom, Ugwuanyi, Kenneth, Ugwunne, Chuka, Adeleke, Akeem, Adenikinju, Wilson, Adeniyi, Olumide, Adepiti, Akinfolarin, Aderounmu, Adewale, Adesunkanmi, Abdulhafiz, Adisa, Adewale, Ajekwu, Samuel, Ajenjfuja, Olusegun, Akindojutimi, Jerrie, Akinkuolie, Akinbolaji, Alatise, Olusegun, Allen, Olubukola, Amosu, Lukmon, Archibong, Micheal, Arowolo, Olukayode, Ayantona, Deborah, Ayinde, Ademola, Badejoko, Olusegun, Badmus, Tajudeen, Etonyeaku, Amarachukwu, Igbodike, Emeka, Ijarotimi, Omotade, Lawal, Adedayo, Nana, Fayowole, Oduanafolabi, Tunde, Olasehinde, Olalekan, Olayemi, Olaniyi, Omitinde, Stephen, Oni, Owolabi, Onyeze, Chigozie, Orji, Ernest, Rotimi, Adewale, Salako, Abdulkadir, Solaja, Olufemi, Sowemimo, Oluwaseun, Talabi, Ademola, Tajudeen, Mohammed, Wuraola, Funmilola, Adebayo, Francis, Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Oseremen, Akaba, Godwin, Ameh, Lazarus, Mbajiekwe, Ndubuisi, Ogbo, Felix, Olori, Samson, Osagie, Olabisi, Sadiq, Abu, Sani, Samuel, Tabuanu, Nancy, Uanikhoba, Martins, Chiejina, Godwin, Edet, Ekpo, Inyang, Akan, Isa, Mary, Iseh, Faith, Marwa, Adams, Ogbeche, Sunday, Olory, Edima, Udie, Gabriel, Udosen, Joseph, Usang, Usang, Abayomi, Olukayode, Abdus-Salam, Rukiyat, Adebayo, Sikiru, Ajao, Akinlabi, Amusat, Olanrewaju, Ayandipo, Omobolaji, Egbuchulem, Kelvin, Ekwuazi, Hyginus, Elemile, Peter, Lawal, Taiwo, Lawal, Olatunji, Olagunju, Solomon, Osuala, Peter, Suleman, Bamidele, Takure, Augustine, Abdur-Rahman, Lukman, Adeleke, Nurudeen, Adesola, Muideen, Afolabi, Rafiat, Agodirin, Sulaiman, Aremu, Isiaka, Bello, Jibril, Lawal, Saheed, Lawal, Abdulwahab, Raji, Hadijat, Sayomi, Olayinka, Shittu, Asimiyu, Ede, Jude, Ekenze, Sebastian, Enemuo, Vincent, Eze, Matthew, Ezomike, Uchechukwu, Izuka, Emmanuel, Mbadiwe, Okezie, Mbah, Ngozi, Ezinne, Uba, Francis, Matthew, Ikechukwu, Iweha, Nnyonno, Okoi, Okoro, Philemon, Patrick, Igwe, Raphael, John, Vaduneme, Oriji, Victor, Abhulimen, Kanyarukiko, Salathiel, Mukaneza, Francine, Mukantibaziyaremye, Deborah, Munyaneza, Aphrodis, Ndegamiye, Gibert, Tubasiime, Ronald, Dusabe, Moses, Izabiriza, Emelyne, Maniraguha, Hope Lydia, Mpirimbanyi, Christophe, Mutuyimana, Josiane, Mwenedata, Olivier, Rwagahirima, Elisee, Uwizeyimana, Francine, Zirikana, Job, Hirwa, Aime Dieudonne, Kabanda, Elysee, Mbonimpaye, Salomee, Mukakomite, Christine, Muroruhirwe, Piolette, Bucyibaruta, Georges, Bunogerane, Gisele Juru, Habumuremyi, Sosthene, de Dieu Haragirimana, Jean, Imanishimwe, Alphonsine, Ingabire, JC Allen, Mukanyange, Violette, Munyaneza, Emmanuel, Mutabazi, Emmanuel, Ncogoza, Isaie, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Nyirahabimana, Jeannette, Urimubabo, Christian, Adams, Mary Augusta, Crawford, Richard, Ede, Chikwendu Jeffrey, Fourtounas, Maria, Hyman, Gabriella, Khan, Zafar, Kwati, Morapedi, Mathe, Mpho Nosipho, Moore, Rachel, Nhlabathi, Ncamsile Anthea, Nxumalo, Hlengiwe Samkelisiwe, Pattinson, Paddy, Sentholang, Nnosa, Sethoana, Mmule Evelyn, Stassen, Maria Elizabeth, Thornley, Laura, Hospital, Paul Wondoh Edenvale, Birtles, Cheryl, Ivy, Mathete, Mbavhalelo, Cynthia, Ally, Zain, Adewunmi, Abdus-sami, Cook, Jonathan, Jayne, David, Laurberg, Soren, Brown, Julia, Cousens, Simon and Smart, Neil
(2023)
Adaptation of the Wound Healing Questionnaire universal-reporter outcome measure for use in global surgery trials (TALON-1 study): mixed-methods study and Rasch analysis.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY, 110 (6).
pp. 685-700.
Access the full-text of this item by clicking on the
Open Access link.
Abstract
<h4>Background</h4>The Bluebelle Wound Healing Questionnaire (WHQ) is a universal-reporter outcome measure developed in the UK for remote detection of surgical-site infection after abdominal surgery. This study aimed to explore cross-cultural equivalence, acceptability, and content validity of the WHQ for use across low- and middle-income countries, and to make recommendations for its adaptation.<h4>Methods</h4>This was a mixed-methods study within a trial (SWAT) embedded in an international randomized trial, conducted according to best practice guidelines, and co-produced with community and patient partners (TALON-1). Structured interviews and focus groups were used to gather data regarding cross-cultural, cross-contextual equivalence of the individual items and scale, and conduct a translatability assessment. Translation was completed into five languages in accordance with Mapi recommendations. Next, data from a prospective cohort (SWAT) were interpreted using Rasch analysis to explore scaling and measurement properties of the WHQ. Finally, qualitative and quantitative data were triangulated using a modified, exploratory, instrumental design model.<h4>Results</h4>In the qualitative phase, 10 structured interviews and six focus groups took place with a total of 47 investigators across six countries. Themes related to comprehension, response mapping, retrieval, and judgement were identified with rich cross-cultural insights. In the quantitative phase, an exploratory Rasch model was fitted to data from 537 patients (369 excluding extremes). Owing to the number of extreme (floor) values, the overall level of power was low. The single WHQ scale satisfied tests of unidimensionality, indicating validity of the ordinal total WHQ score. There was significant overall model misfit of five items (5, 9, 14, 15, 16) and local dependency in 11 item pairs. The person separation index was estimated as 0.48 suggesting weak discrimination between classes, whereas Cronbach's α was high at 0.86. Triangulation of qualitative data with the Rasch analysis supported recommendations for cross-cultural adaptation of the WHQ items 1 (redness), 3 (clear fluid), 7 (deep wound opening), 10 (pain), 11 (fever), 15 (antibiotics), 16 (debridement), 18 (drainage), and 19 (reoperation). Changes to three item response categories (1, not at all; 2, a little; 3, a lot) were adopted for symptom items 1 to 10, and two categories (0, no; 1, yes) for item 11 (fever).<h4>Conclusion</h4>This study made recommendations for cross-cultural adaptation of the WHQ for use in global surgical research and practice, using co-produced mixed-methods data from three continents. Translations are now available for implementation into remote wound assessment pathways.
| Item Type: |
Article
|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: |
NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Global Surgery, Humans, Prospective Studies, Reproducibility of Results, Psychometrics, Wound Healing, Translations, Surveys and Questionnaires |
| Divisions: |
Faculty of Health and Life Sciences
Faculty of Health and Life Sciences > Institute of Life Courses and Medical Sciences |
| Depositing User: |
Symplectic Admin
|
| Date Deposited: |
05 Oct 2023 15:39 |
| Last Modified: |
05 Oct 2023 15:40 |
| DOI: |
10.1093/bjs/znad058 |
| Open Access URL: |
https://doi.org/10.1093/bjs/znad058 |
| Related URLs: |
|
| URI: |
https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3173481 |
Dimensions
Dimensions
