Project: | Sep09 |
Query: | theme containing participant/nonparticipant |
Date: | Thu Jan 21 11:55:14 2010 |
Number of hits: | 992 |
AllText02/Buchla-McLachlan_36.txt | |||
- | - | Information you gather | |
- | - | Data | |
- | - | For example, | |
- | - | the statement "the copper was removed by the chemical reaction with ferric chloride | |
- | - | the statement | |
- | - | When | |
- | - | data | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | When | |
- | - | a quantity | |
- | - | we | |
- | - | and | |
- | - | the information | |
- | - | because | |
- | - | more information | |
- | - | Information about the magnitude or intensity of a physical phenomenon | |
- | - | the quantity that is being measured | |
- | - | Instrumentation | |
- | - | Numerical data | |
- | - | It | |
- | - | Values recorded directly from an experiment or observation | |
- | - | Prior to | |
- | - | processing | |
- | - | empirical data | |
- | - | whereas | |
- | - | data that has been analyzed | |
- | - | Data | |
- | - | Frequently, | |
- | - | theoretical data | |
- | - | After | |
- | - | data | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | This procedure | |
- | - | Data | |
- | - | or, | |
- | - | in some cases, | |
- | - | the measurement instrument | |
- | - | For example, | |
- | - | a digital oscilloscope | |
- | - | As part of the process of data reduction, | |
- | - | obvious errors or discrepancies | |
- | - | sometimes | |
- | - | statistical processing | |
- | - | After | |
- | - | the data | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | Data analysis | |
- | - | and | |
- | - | The data-analysis step | |
- | - | The combination of these effects | |
- | - | After | |
- | - | analysis, | |
- | - | the data | |
- | - | Data measured with test equipment | |
- | - | rather, | |
- | - | the accuracy of the data | |
- | - | under which | |
- | - | the measurement | |
- | - | we | |
- | - | Experimental error | |
- | - | All measurements that do not involve counting | |
- | - | All measurements | |
- | - | Error | |
- | - | A measurement | |
- | - | if | |
- | - | the error | |
- | - | accuracy | |
- | - | It | |
- | - | what confidence | |
- | - | Instrument manufacturers | |
- | - | but | |
- | - | the user | |
- | - | for which | |
- | - | an accuracy figure | |
- | - | The number of digits used to describe a measured quantity | |
- | - | Two other terms associated with the quality of a measurement | |
- | - | Precision | |
- | - | The precision of an instrument | |
- | - | resolution | |
- | - | Stability | |
- | - | A precise measurement | |
- | - | Precision | |
- | - | It | |
- | - | However, | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | unless | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | The resolution of a measurement | |
- | - | but | |
- | - | For example, | |
- | - | a nonlinear meter scale | |
- | - | Likewise, | |
- | - | noise | |
- | - | Temperature changes | |
- | - | When | |
- | - | a measurement | |
- | - | the digits known to be correct | |
- | - | The number of significant digits in a measurement | |
- | - | Many measuring instruments | |
- | - | leaving | |
- | - | what | |
- | - | In some cases, | |
- | - | this | |
- | - | because | |
- | - | the instrument | |
- | - | and | |
- | - | If | |
- | - | the instrument | |
- | - | the instrument | |
- | - | despite | |
- | - | the fact that the rightmost digits | |
- | - | This | |
- | - | when | |
- | - | the resolution of the instrument | |
- | - | as | |
- | - | the range | |
- | - | The user | |
- | - | When | |
- | - | the least significant uncertain digit | |
- | - | but | |
- | - | other uncertain digits | |
- | - | ignore | |
- | - | and | |
- | - | count | |
- | - | starting with | |
- | - | All digits counted | |
- | - | A zero on the right end of a number | |
- | - | if | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | otherwise | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | For example. | |
- | - | 43.00 | |
- | - | but | |
- | - | the whole number 4300 | |
- | - | In the absence of other information, | |
- | - | the significance of the right-hand zeros | |
- | - | To | |
- | - | a number | |
- | - | For example, | |
- | - | the number 4.30 x 103 | |
- | - | and | |
- | - | the number 4.300 x 103 | |
- | - | if | |
- | - | a reported digit | |
- | - | Nonzero digits | |
- | - | Zeros to the left of the first nonzero digit | |
- | - | Zeros between nonzero digits | |
- | - | Zeros at the right end of a number | |
- | - | and the right of the decimal | |
- | - | Zeros at the right end of a whole number | |
- | - | Whole numbers | |
- | - | to | |
- | - | Since | |
- | - | measurements | |
- | - | they | |
- | - | that | |
- | - | The number of digits shown | |
- | - | For this reason, | |
- | - | you | |
- | - | The rules for rounding | |
- | - | If | |
- | - | the digit dropped | |
- | - | increase | |
- | - | If | |
- | - | the digit dropped | |
- | - | do not change | |
- | - | If | |
- | - | the digit dropped | |
- | - | increase | |
- | - | if | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | otherwise | |
- | - | This | |
- | - | There | |
- | - | Systematic errors | |
- | - | These | |
- | - | Systematic errors | |
- | - | and | |
- | - | that | |
- | - | Sometimes | |
- | - | a systematic error | |
- | - | such as | |
- | - | when | |
- | - | a voltmeter | |
- | - | (This | |
- | - | Another common type of systematic error | |
- | - | Whenever | |
- | - | an instrument | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | and | |
- | - | Measurements in high-impedance circuits | |
- | - | if | |
- | - | this | |
- | - | Another possible systematic error | |
- | - | For example, | |
- | - | a frequency counter | |
- | - | to | |
- | - | If | |
- | - | this oscillator | |
- | - | then | |
- | - | the counter | |
- | - | giving | |
- | - | that | |
- | - | This | |
- | - | Other systematic errors | |
- | - | because | |
- | - | the calibration | |
- | - | when | |
- | - | the instrument | |
- | - | These | |
- | - | The best way | |
- | - | using | |
- | - | If | |
- | - | the two measurements | |
- | - | greater confidence | |
- | - | Random errors | |
- | - | (also | |
- | - | These errors | |
- | - | and | |
- | - | Random errors | |
- | - | and | |
- | - | The best way | |
- | - | and | |
AllText02/ID-Coulouris7.txt | |||
- | - | Security measures | |
- | - | whenever | |
- | - | they | |
- | - | This | |
- | - | In Figure 7.1, | |
- | - | we | |
- | - | since | |
- | - | they | |
- | - | Today | |
- | - | the advent of wide-area, open distributed systems | |
- | - | The need to protect the integrity and privacy of information and other resources belonging to individuals and organizations | |
- | - | It | |
- | - | In the physical world, | |
- | - | organizations | |
- | - | that | |
- | - | For example, | |
- | - | a company | |
- | - | A security policy for documents | |
- | - | who | |
- | - | or | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | Security policies | |
- | - | For example, | |
- | - | access to a building | |
- | - | who | |
- | - | Access to paper documents | |
- | - | In the electronic world, | |
- | - | the distinction between security policies and mechanisms | |
- | - | without it, | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | a particular system | |
- | - | Security policies | |
- | - | just as | |
- | - | the provision of a lock on a door | |
- | - | unless | |
- | - | there | |
- | - | whenever | |
- | - | nobody | |
- | - | The security mechanisms that we shall describe | |
- | - | The security mechanisms | |
- | - | we | |
- | - | In Section 7.1.2, | |
- | - | we | |
- | - | As an initial example, | |
- | - | consider | |
- | - | whose interface | |
- | - | To ensure that access control to files | |
- | - | there | |
- | - | that | |
- | - | all requests | |
- | - | The provision of mechanisms for the protection of data and other computer- based resources | |
- | - | for securing networked transactions | |
- | - | We | |
- | - | that | |
- | - | The mechanisms we shall describe | |
- | - | The mechanisms | |
- | - | we | |
- | - | The distinction between security policies and security mechanisms | |
- | - | but | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | that | |
- | - | a given set of security mechanisms | |
- | - | In Section 2.3.3, | |
- | - | we | |
- | - | that | |
- | - | We | |
- | - | - Processes | |
- | - | Principals | |
- | - | (users or | |
- | - | Resources | |
- | - | - Processes | |
- | - | Enemies | |
- | - | (attackers) | |
- | - | They | |
- | - | and | |
- | - | they | |
- | - | That security model | |
- | - | In this chapter, | |
- | - | we | |
AllText02/ID-RAF-full01.txt | |||
- | - | For many years | |
- | - | fixed wing aircraft | |
- | - | Over the years, | |
- | - | advancements in design | |
- | - | the introduction of new materials | |
- | - | Increased flying speeds | |
- | - | Without some form of additional assistance in retarding the aircraft, | |
- | - | the wheel brakes | |
- | - | or | |
- | - | runways | |
- | - | To help reduce brake and tyre wear | |
- | - | to maintain runways at an acceptable length, | |
- | - | additional retardation methods based on the principle of aerodynamic braking | |
- | - | Methods of emergency retardation | |
- | - | where | |
- | - | normal braking methods | |
- | - | Wheel brakes | |
- | - | and, | |
- | - | in common with most braking systems, | |
- | - | they | |
- | - | In this method, | |
- | - | friction | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | Wheel brakes and their associated operating systems | |
- | - | The term aerodynamic braking | |
- | - | This increase in drag | |
- | - | The flying control surfaces | |
- | - | the airbrakes, flaps or spoilers | |
- | - | they | |
- | - | The further into the airflow | |
- | - | they | |
- | - | the greater | |
- | - | the drag | |
- | - | and, | |
- | - | just as in flight, | |
- | - | any increase in drag | |
- | - | It | |
- | - | only the airbrake | |
- | - | for the other controls | |
- | - | this | |
- | - | The flying control surfaces | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | Thrust reversal | |
- | - | On propeller driven aircraft, | |
- | - | thrust reversal | |
- | - | so that | |
- | - | the thrust generated by the propeller | |
- | - | the degree of braking assistance | |
- | - | Thrust reversal on turbo-jet aircraft | |
- | - | One method of deflecting the exhaust gas stream | |
- | - | During flight | |
- | - | the bucket-type doors | |
- | - | When | |
- | - | braking assistance | |
- | - | the doors | |
- | - | through which | |
- | - | the gas | |
- | - | Brake parachutes | |
- | - | A typical brake parachute installation | |
- | - | The parachute assembly | |
- | - | A ring on the free end of the streamer cable | |
- | - | The drogue | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | The main parachute and streamer cable | |
- | - | whilst | |
- | - | the drogue | |
- | - | The main parachute canopy | |
- | - | A typical brake parachute housing | |
- | - | The housing | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | Control of the brake parachute | |
- | - | but | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | Cockpit selection for both the release and jettison of the brake parachute | |
- | - | where | |
- | - | the parachute | |
- | - | The cockpit control | |
- | - | When | |
- | - | 'release' or 'stream' | |
- | - | the brake parachute | |
- | - | The drag of the drogue parachute | |
- | - | as | |
- | - | the cable | |
- | - | the main parachute | |
- | - | On brake parachute installations fitted with a door, | |
- | - | the door | |
- | - | when | |
- | - | the parachute release control | |
- | - | On those installations where the parachute housing is closed off by a cap, | |
- | - | On those installations | |
- | - | where | |
- | - | the parachute housing | |
- | - | the cap | |
- | - | When | |
- | - | the parachute release control | |
- | - | the cap | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | Once | |
- | - | the aircraft | |
- | - | where | |
- | - | the brake parachute | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | On some aircraft types, | |
- | - | during landing, | |
- | - | the pilot of the aircraft | |
- | - | This high angle of attack | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | Large aircraft | |
- | - | This area | |
- | - | both types | |
- | - | Small, fast jet aircraft | |
- | - | The undercarriage of small aircraft | |
- | - | two factors | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | To overcome these problems, | |
- | - | many small aircraft | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | Many airfields from which fast jet aircraft operate | |
- | - | from which | |
- | - | fast jet aircraft | |
- | - | As a last resort | |
- | - | some aircraft | |
- | - | The arrestor hook | |
- | - | who | |
- | - | The arrestor hook | |
- | - | The arm | |
- | - | Control of an arrestor hook system | |
- | - | In these installations | |
- | - | the arrestor hook | |
- | - | The cockpit control | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | When | |
- | - | the cockpit control | |
- | - | the release unit | |
- | - | and | |
- | - | the hook | |
- | - | The spring jack | |
- | - | or a torque tube acting at the arm pivot | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | The hook | |
- | - | When | |
- | - | a hook down selection | |
- | - | the solenoid of the release unit | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | The jaws | |
- | - | when | |
- | - | the hook | |
- | - | All types of arrestor hook installation | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | when | |
- | - | the arrestor hook | |
- | - | The light | |
- | - | the hook | |
- | - | On some aircraft | |
- | - | there | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | when | |
- | - | the release unit | |
- | - | On aircraft fitted with mechanically or electrically operated hooks | |
- | - | the hook | |
- | - | This | |
- | - | after | |
- | - | the cockpit control lever | |
- | - | so that | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | On installations where the arrestor hook has to be raised manually, | |
- | - | On installations | |
- | - | where | |
- | - | the arrestor hook | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | the hook | |
- | - | Bulb filaments | |
- | - | therefore | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | A visual check of the up-lock | |
- | - | To prevent the accidental release of the arrestor hook, | |
- | - | a safety device | |
- | - | or | |
- | - | as a safety bar | |
- | - | This safety device | |
- | - | whilst | |
- | - | the aircraft | |
- | - | A secondary safety pin | |
- | - | A warning pennant | |
- | - | The RHAG | |
- | - | There | |
- | - | both of which | |
- | - | A typical RHAG installation | |
- | - | (Fig 6) | |
- | - | As shown, | |
- | - | each end of the cable | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | The tape | |
- | - | Each energy- absorbing unit | |
- | - | Normally, | |
- | - | the cable | |
- | - | its arrestor hook | |
- | - | the pull on the tape | |
- | - | The resulting oil turbulence created | |
- | - | An electrically powered retrieve system | |
- | - | This | |
- | - | after | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | The crash barrier | |
- | - | Fig 7) | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | because of | |
- | - | some emergency, | |
- | - | The crash barrier | |
- | - | The barrier | |
- | - | The upper cable | |
- | - | and | |
- | - | the ends of the extended lower cable | |
- | - | At each end of the barrier | |
- | - | a suspension cable | |
- | - | The suspension cables | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | the barrier | |
- | - | The stanchions | |
- | - | when | |
- | - | there | |
- | - | that | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | When | |
- | - | the barrier | |
- | - | its lower cable | |
- | - | and | |
- | - | its upper cable | |
- | - | The nylon barrier ropes | |
- | - | then | |
- | - | The continuing pull on the barrier | |
- | - | Rotation of the drums | |
AllText02/IDBlakMill02.txt | |||
- | - | The main elements of a typical knee-and-column horizontal milling machine | |
- | - | The elements of a vertical machine | |
- | - | except that | |
- | - | the spindle head | |
- | - | The column and base | |
- | - | Both | |
- | - | The base, | |
- | - | upon which | |
- | - | the column | |
- | - | The column | |
- | - | The spindle | |
- | - | The gearbox | |
- | - | In the model shown, | |
- | - | twelve spindle speeds from 32 to 1400rev/min | |
- | - | The front of the column | |
- | - | upon which | |
- | - | the knee | |
- | - | The knee, | |
- | - | Power feed | |
- | - | providing | |
- | - | Drive | |
- | - | whose | |
- | - | bottom end | |
- | - | Provision | |
- | - | The knee | |
- | - | A lock | |
- | - | The saddle, | |
- | - | Power feed | |
- | - | A range of twelve feeds | |
- | - | Alternative hand movement | |
- | - | Clamping of the saddle to the knee | |
- | - | The saddle | |
- | - | The table | |
- | - | A series of tee slots | |
- | - | The dovetail guides on the undersurface | |
- | - | Power feed | |
- | - | Alternative hand feed | |
- | - | Stops at the front of the table | |
- | - | The spindle, | |
- | - | Cutters | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | Spindles of milling machines | |
- | - | The bore of the nose | |
- | - | the angle of taper | |
- | - | The diameter of the taper | |
- | - | Due to | |
- | - | their steepness of angle, | |
- | - | these tapers | |
- | - | Two driving keys | |
- | - | Cutters | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | and | |
- | - | four tapped holes | |
- | - | The two keys | |
- | - | The spindle of a horizontal machine | |
- | - | On vertical machines, | |
- | - | provision | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | The spindle | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | see | |
- | - | A locking bolt | |
- | - | The majority of cutters used on horizontal machines | |
- | - | The majority of cutters | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | Due to | |
- | - | the length of the arbors used | |
- | - | support | |
- | - | when | |
- | - | cutting | |
- | - | Support | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | The overarm | |
- | - | arbor support | |
- | - | Two clamping bolts | |
- | - | The arbor support | |
- | - | A solid bearing | |
- | - | in which | |
- | - | the arbor | |
AllText02/IDCoulouris31.txt | |||
- | - | The architecture of a system | |
- | - | The overall goal | |
- | - | that | |
- | - | the structure | |
- | - | Major concerns | |
- | - | The architectural design of a building | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | its general structure | |
- | - | and architectural style | |
- | - | (gothic, neo-classical, modern | |
- | - | In this section, | |
- | - | we | |
- | - | We | |
- | - | An architectural model of a distributed system | |
- | - | and | |
- | - | then | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | An initial simplification | |
- | - | - the latter | |
- | - | that | |
- | - | This classification of processes | |
- | - | The results of this analysis | |
- | - | that | |
- | - | Some more dynamic systems | |
- | - | The possibility of moving code from one process to another | |
- | - | for example, | |
- | - | clients | |
- | - | and | |
- | - | Objects and the code that accesses them | |
- | - | Objects and the code | |
- | - | that | |
- | - | and | |
- | - | - Some distributed systems | |
- | - | There | |
- | - | that | |
- | - | The actual placement of the processes that make up a distributed system in a network of computers | |
- | - | The actual placement of the processes | |
- | - | that | |
- | - | The architectural models described here | |
AllText02/IDampnz03.txt | |||
- | - | In almost every area of measurement | |
- | - | the ultimate limit of detectability of weak signals | |
- | - | Even if | |
- | - | the quantity being measured | |
- | - | the presence of noise | |
- | - | Some forms of noise | |
- | - | they | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | we | |
- | - | Other forms of noise | |
- | - | radiofrequency interference and | |
- | - | "ground loops") | |
- | - | Finally, | |
- | - | there | |
- | - | and | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | Although | |
- | - | the techniques of signal averaging | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | We | |
- | - | Then | |
- | - | we | |
- | - | After | |
- | - | a short discussion of noise in differential [amplifiers] and feedback amplifiers, | |
- | - | we | |
- | - | Since | |
- | - | the term noise | |
- | - | noise | |
- | - | most often, | |
- | - | however, | |
- | - | we | |
- | - | Noise | |
AllText02/IDbroadnet01.txt | |||
- | - | Chapter 12 | |
- | - | (section 12.3.2) | |
- | - | broadcast networks | |
- | - | to which | |
- | - | all the users | |
- | - | so | |
- | - | all the users | |
- | - | The only wide area broadcast networks | |
- | - | all | |
- | - | Section 14.2.1 | |
- | - | The most common examples of broadcast networks | |
- | - | These | |
- | - | (see | |
- | - | Comparison between twisted pair and coaxial cable | |
- | - | because | |
- | - | there | |
- | - | In general, | |
- | - | coaxial cable | |
- | - | but | |
- | - | the cable | |
- | - | whether | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | Both types | |
- | - | but | |
- | - | coaxial cable | |
- | - | Optical fibre | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | or | |
- | - | However, | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | LAN protocols | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | In addition, | |
- | - | the LLC layer | |
- | - | For a particular LLC protocol | |
- | - | there | |
- | - | since | |
- | - | this | |
- | - | in which | |
- | - | the differences | |
- | - | in topology | |
- | - | The major standards activity for LAN networks | |
- | - | Their work | |
- | - | of which | |
- | - | some | |
AllText02/Rappaport_255.txt | |||
- | - | Modulation | |
- | - | It | |
- | - | called | |
- | - | The bandpass signal | |
- | - | and | |
- | - | the baseband message signal | |
- | - | Modulation | |
- | - | Demodulation | |
- | - | so that | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | This chapter | |
- | - | Analog modulation schemes that are employed in first generation mobile radio systems, | |
- | - | as well as digital modulation schemes proposed for use in present and future systems, | |
- | - | Since | |
- | - | digital modulation | |
- | - | and | |
- | - | the primary emphasis of this chapter | |
- | - | However, | |
- | - | since | |
- | - | analog systems | |
- | - | and | |
- | - | they | |
- | - | Modulation | |
- | - | Here, | |
- | - | the coverage | |
- | - | as | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | A large variety of modulation techniques | |
- | * | Given | |
- | - | the hostile fading and multipath conditions in the mobile radio channel, | |
- | - | designing a modulation scheme that is resistant to mobile channel impairments | |
- | - | designing | |
- | - | Since | |
- | - | the ultimate goal of a modulation technique | |
- | - | while | |
- | - | new advances in digital signal processing | |
- | - | This chapter | |
- | - | Frequency modulation | |
- | - | (FM) | |
- | - | In FM, | |
- | - | the amplitude of the modulated carrier signal | |
- | - | while | |
- | - | its frequency | |
- | - | Thus, | |
- | - | FM signals | |
- | - | As shown subsequently, | |
- | - | this | |
- | - | once | |
- | - | a certain minimum received signal level, called the FM threshold | |
- | - | called | |
- | - | In amplitude modulation (AM) schemes, | |
- | - | there | |
- | - | since | |
- | - | AM signals | |
- | - | Thus, | |
- | - | AM signals | |
- | - | FM | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | Frequency modulation | |
- | - | when | |
- | - | Since | |
- | - | signals | |
- | - | FM signals | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | Also, | |
- | - | message amplitude variations | |
- | - | so | |
- | - | burst noise | |
- | - | provided that | |
- | - | the FM received signal | |
- | - | Chapter 5 | |
- | - | small-scale fading | |
- | - | thus | |
- | - | FM | |
- | - | when | |
- | - | Also, | |
- | - | in an FM system, | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | Unlike AM, | |
- | - | in an FM system | |
- | - | and hence bandwidth occupancy, | |
- | - | It | |
- | - | under certain conditions, | |
- | - | the FM signal-to-noise ratio | |
- | - | This ability of an FM system to trade bandwidth for SNR | |
- | - | However, | |
- | - | AM signals | |
- | - | since | |
- | - | the transmission system | |
- | - | In modern AM systems, | |
- | - | susceptibility to fading | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | The modern AM receiver | |
- | - | and | |
- | - | An FM signal | |
- | - | due to | |
- | - | the fact that | |
- | - | the envelope of the carrier | |
- | - | Hence | |
- | - | the transmitted power of an FM signal | |
- | - | The constant envelope of the transmitted signal | |
- | - | In AM, | |
- | - | however, | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | thus | |
- | - | linear Class .A or | |
- | - | AB amplifiers, | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | The issue of amplifier efficiency | |
- | - | when | |
- | - | since | |
- | - | the battery life of the portable | |
- | - | Typical efficiencies for Class C amplifiers | |
- | - | that 70% of the applied DC power to the final amplifier circuit | |
- | - | Class A or | |
- | - | .AB amplifiers | |
- | - | This | |
- | - | for the same battery, | |
- | - | constant envelope FM modulation | |
- | - | Frequency modulation | |
- | - | The capture effect | |
- | - | If | |
- | - | two signals in the same frequency band | |
- | - | the one appearing at the higher received signal level | |
- | - | while | |
- | - | the weaker one | |
- | - | This inherent ability to pick up the strongest signal | |
- | - | and reject the rest | |
- | - | and | |
- | - | In AM systems, | |
- | - | on the other hand, | |
- | - | all of the interferers | |
- | - | and | |
- | - | While | |
- | - | FM systems | |
- | - | they | |
- | - | FM systems | |
- | - | that | |
- | - | in order to | |
- | - | FM transmitter and receiver equipment | |
- | - | that | |
- | - | Although | |
- | - | frequency modulation systems | |
- | - | special attention | |
- | - | Both AM and FM | |
- | - | using | |
- | - | AM | |
- | - | using | |
- | - | whereas | |
- | - | FM | |
- | - | using | |
- | - | AM | |
- | - | and | |
- | - | in such cases | |
- | - | AM | |
- | - | since | |
- | - | FM | |
AllText02/Tannenbaum246.txt | |||
- | - | For any file service, | |
- | - | whether for a single processor or for a distributed system, | |
- | - | the most fundamental issue | |
- | - | What | |
- | - | In many systems, | |
- | - | such as UNIX and MS-DOS, | |
- | - | a file | |
- | - | The meaning and structure of the information in the files | |
- | - | the operating system | |
- | - | On mainframes, | |
- | - | however, | |
- | - | many types of files | |
- | - | A file | |
- | - | The record | |
- | - | In the latter case, | |
- | - | the operating system | |
- | - | or | |
- | - | Since | |
- | - | most distributed systems | |
- | - | most file servers | |
- | - | A file | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | but | |
- | - | which | |
- | - | Typical attributes | |
- | - | The file service | |
- | - | For example, | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | In a few advanced systems, | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | Another important aspect of the file model | |
- | - | whether | |
- | - | files | |
- | - | after | |
- | - | they | |
- | - | Normally, | |
- | - | they | |
- | - | but | |
- | - | in some distributed systems, | |
- | - | the only file operations | |
- | - | Once | |
- | - | a file | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | Such a file | |
- | - | Having files be immutable | |
- | - | because | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | whenever | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | Protection in distributed systems | |
- | - | With capabilities, | |
- | - | each user | |
- | - | called | |
- | - | to which | |
- | - | it | |
- | - | The capability | |
- | - | reading | |
- | - | but | |
- | - | writing | |
- | - | All access control list schemes | |
- | - | who | |
- | - | The UNIX scheme, | |
- | - | with bits for controlling reading, writing, and executing each file separately for the owner, the owner's group, and everyone else | |
- | - | File services | |
- | * | depending on | |
- | - | whether | |
- | - | they | |
- | - | In the upload/download model, | |
- | - | shown in | |
- | - | the file service | |
- | - | The former operation | |
- | - | The latter operation | |
- | - | Thus | |
- | - | the conceptual model | |
- | - | The files | |
- | - | The advantage of the upload/download model | |
- | - | Application programs | |
- | - | then | |
- | - | or newly created files | |
- | - | when | |
- | - | the program | |
- | - | No complicated file service interface | |
- | - | Furthermore, | |
- | - | whole file transfer | |
- | - | However, | |
- | - | enough storage | |
- | - | Furthermore, | |
- | - | if only | |
- | - | a fraction of a file | |
- | - | moving the entire file | |
- | - | The other kind of file service | |
- | - | In this model, | |
- | - | the file service | |
- | - | Whereas | |
- | - | in the upload/download model, | |
- | - | the file service | |
- | - | here | |
- | - | the file system | |
- | - | It | |
- | - | as well as | |
- | - | when | |
- | - | only small pieces |