Ibrahim, Yehia 
ORCID: 0000-0002-7483-9461, Xie, Jianyang ORCID: 0000-0002-4565-5807, Macerollo, Antonella ORCID: 0000-0003-4322-2706, Sardone, Rodolfo ORCID: 0000-0003-1383-1850, Shen, Yaochun ORCID: 0000-0002-8915-1993, Romano, Vito and Zheng, Yalin ORCID: 0000-0002-7873-0922
(2023)
A Systematic Review on Retinal Biomarkers to Diagnose Dementia from OCT/OCTA Images.
Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports, 7 (1).
pp. 1201-1235.
Abstract
<h4>Background</h4>Traditional methods for diagnosing dementia are costly, time-consuming, and somewhat invasive. Since the retina shares significant anatomical similarities with the brain, retinal abnormalities detected via optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) have been studied as a potential non-invasive diagnostic tool for neurodegenerative disorders; however, the most effective retinal changes remain a mystery to be unraveled in this review.<h4>Objective</h4>This study aims to explore the relationship between retinal abnormalities in OCT/OCTA images and cognitive decline as well as evaluating biomarkers' effectiveness in detecting neurodegenerative diseases.<h4>Methods</h4>A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus until December 2022, resulted in 64 papers using agreed search keywords, and inclusion/exclusion criteria.<h4>Results</h4>The superior peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) is a trustworthy biomarker to identify most Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases; however, it is inefficient when dealing with mild AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The global pRNFL (pRNFL-G) is another reliable biomarker to discriminate frontotemporal dementia from mild AD and healthy controls (HCs), moderate AD and MCI from HCs, as well as identifing pathological Aβ<sub>42</sub>/tau in cognitively healthy individuals. Conversely, pRNFL-G fails to realize mild AD and the progression of AD. The average pRNFL thickness variation is considered a viable biomarker to monitor the progression of AD. Finally, the superior and average pRNFL thicknesses are considered consistent for advanced AD but not for early/mild AD.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Retinal changes may indicate dementia, but further research is needed to confirm the most effective biomarkers for early and mild AD.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, mild cognitive impairment, neurodegenerative disorders, optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography angiography, retinal biomarkers |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences > Institute of Life Courses and Medical Sciences |
| Depositing User: | Symplectic Admin |
| Date Deposited: | 20 Nov 2023 15:21 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Dec 2023 13:00 |
| DOI: | 10.3233/adr-230042 |
| Open Access URL: | https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-a... |
| Related URLs: | |
| URI: | https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3176906 |
Dimensions
Dimensions
