Neuroblastoma: an ongoing cold front for cancer immunotherapy.

Kennedy, Paul T ORCID: 0000-0001-5668-9132, Zannoupa, Demetra, Son, Meong Hi, Dahal, Lekh N ORCID: 0000-0001-8390-6593 and Woolley, John F (2023) Neuroblastoma: an ongoing cold front for cancer immunotherapy. Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 11 (11). e007798-.

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2023-007798

Abstract

Neuroblastoma is the most frequent extracranial childhood tumour but effective treatment with current immunotherapies is challenging due to its immunosuppressive microenvironment. Efforts to date have focused on using immunotherapy to increase tumour immunogenicity and enhance anticancer immune responses, including anti-GD2 antibodies; immune checkpoint inhibitors; drugs which enhance macrophage and natural killer T (NKT) cell function; modulation of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes pathway; and engineering neuroblastoma-targeting chimeric-antigen receptor-T cells. Some of these strategies have strong preclinical foundation and are being tested clinically, although none have demonstrated notable success in treating paediatric neuroblastoma to date. Recently, approaches to overcome heterogeneity of neuroblastoma tumours and treatment resistance are being explored. These include rational combination strategies with the aim of achieving synergy, such as dual targeting of GD2 and tumour-associated macrophages or natural killer cells; GD2 and the B7-H3 immune checkpoint; GD2 and enhancer of zeste-2 methyltransferase inhibitors. Such combination strategies provide opportunities to overcome primary resistance to and maximize the benefits of immunotherapy in neuroblastoma.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Killer Cells, Natural, Macrophages, Humans, Neuroblastoma, Immunotherapy, Longitudinal Studies, Child, Tumor Microenvironment
Divisions:	Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences > Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	18 Dec 2023 16:21
Last Modified:	19 Jan 2024 14:32
DOI:	10.1136/jitc-2023-007798
Open Access URL:	https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2023-007798
Related URLs:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3177506