Diabetic Retinopathy: Soluble and Imaging Ocular Biomarkers

Ferrara, Mariantonia, Loda, Alessandra, Coco, Giulia, Grassi, Piergiacomo, Cestaro, Silvia, Rezzola, Sara, Romano, Vito ORCID: 0000-0002-5148-7643 and Semeraro, Francesco (2023) Diabetic Retinopathy: Soluble and Imaging Ocular Biomarkers. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE, 12 (3). 912-.

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12030912

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, represents the leading cause of acquired blindness in the working-age population. Due to the potential absence of symptoms in the early stages of the disease, the identification of clinical biomarkers can have a crucial role in the early diagnosis of DR as well as for the detection of prognostic factors. In particular, imaging techniques are fundamental tools for screening, diagnosis, classification, monitoring, treatment planning and prognostic assessment in DR. In this context, the identification of ocular and systemic biomarkers is crucial to facilitate the risk stratification of diabetic patients; moreover, reliable biomarkers could provide prognostic information on disease progression as well as assist in predicting a patient's response to therapy. In this context, this review aimed to provide an updated and comprehensive overview of the soluble and anatomical biomarkers associated with DR.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	confocal microscopy, corneal endothelial cell count, diabetic retinopathy, fluorescein angiography, ocular biomarkers diabetic retinopathy, optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography angiography, serum biomarkers diabetic retinopathy, ultra-widefield fundus photography
Divisions:	Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences > Institute of Life Courses and Medical Sciences
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	30 Jan 2024 10:54
Last Modified:	30 Jan 2024 11:28
DOI:	10.3390/jcm12030912
Open Access URL:	https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12030912
Related URLs:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3178117