SARS-CoV-2 vaccination elicits unconventional IgM specific responses in naive and previously COVID-19-infected individuals


Ruggiero, Alessandra ORCID: 0000-0001-6436-8814, Piubelli, Chiara, Calciano, Lucia, Accordini, Simone, Valenti, Maria Teresa, Carbonare, Luca Dalle, Siracusano, Gabriel, Temperton, Nigel, Tiberti, Natalia, Longoni, Silvia Stefania et al (show 8 more authors) (2022) SARS-CoV-2 vaccination elicits unconventional IgM specific responses in naive and previously COVID-19-infected individuals. EBIOMEDICINE, 77. 103888-.

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Abstract

<h4>Background</h4>Currently, evaluation of the IgG antibodies specific for the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein following vaccination is used worldwide to estimate vaccine response. Limited data are available on vaccine-elicited IgM antibodies and their potential implication in immunity to SARS-CoV-2.<h4>Methods</h4>We performed a longitudinal study to quantify anti-S SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM (IgG-S and IgM-S) in health care worker (HCW) recipients of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Samples were collected before administration (T0), at the second dose (T1) and three weeks after T1 (T2). The cohort included 1584 immunologically naïve to SARS-CoV-2 (IN) and 289 with history of previous infection (PI).<h4>Findings</h4>IN showed three patterns of responses: (a) IgG positive/IgM negative (36.1%), (b) coordinated IgM-S/IgG-S responses appearing at T1 (37.4%) and (c) IgM appearing after IgG (26.3%). Coordinated IgM-S/IgG-S responses were associated with higher IgG titres. In IgM-S positive PI, 64.5% were IgM-S positive before vaccination, whereas 32% and 3.5% developed IgM-S after the first and second vaccine dose, respectively. IgM-S positive sera had higher pseudovirus neutralization titres compared to the IgM-S negative.<h4>Interpretation</h4>Coordinated expression of IgG-S and IgM-S after vaccination was associated with a significantly more efficient response in both antibody levels and virus-neutralizing activity. The unconventional IgG-S positive/IgM-S negative responses may suggest a recruitment of cross coronaviruses immunity by vaccination, warranting further investigation.<h4>Funding</h4>Italian Ministry of Health under "Fondi Ricerca Corrente"- L1P5 and "Progetto Ricerca Finalizzata COVID-2020-12371675"; FUR 2020 Department of Excellence 2018-2022, MIUR, Italy; The Brain Research Foundation Verona.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: BTN162b2 vaccine, COVID-19, IgG, IgM, SARS-CoV-2, Spike
Divisions: Faculty of Health and Life Sciences
Faculty of Health and Life Sciences > Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology
Depositing User: Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited: 02 Feb 2024 11:39
Last Modified: 02 Feb 2024 11:39
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103888
Open Access URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103888
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URI: https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3178347
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