Step-by-step diagnosis and management of the nocebo/drucebo effect in statin-associated muscle symptoms patients: a position paper from <i>the International Lipid Expert Panel</i> (ILEP)


Penson, Peter E ORCID: 0000-0001-6763-1489, Bruckert, Eric, Marais, David, Reiner, Zeljko, Pirro, Matteo, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Bajraktari, Gani, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Rizzo, Manfredi, Mikhailidis, Dimitri P et al (show 12 more authors) (2022) Step-by-step diagnosis and management of the nocebo/drucebo effect in statin-associated muscle symptoms patients: a position paper from <i>the International Lipid Expert Panel</i> (ILEP). JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE, 13 (3). pp. 1596-1622.

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Abstract

Statin intolerance is a clinical syndrome whereby adverse effects (AEs) associated with statin therapy [most commonly statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS)] result in the discontinuation of therapy and consequently increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. However, complete statin intolerance occurs in only a small minority of treated patients (estimated prevalence of only 3-5%). Many perceived AEs are misattributed (e.g. physical musculoskeletal injury and inflammatory myopathies), and subjective symptoms occur as a result of the fact that patients expect them to do so when taking medicines (the nocebo/drucebo effect)-what might be truth even for over 50% of all patients with muscle weakness/pain. Clear guidance is necessary to enable the optimal management of plasma in real-world clinical practice in patients who experience subjective AEs. In this Position Paper of the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP), we present a step-by-step patient-centred approach to the identification and management of SAMS with a particular focus on strategies to prevent and manage the nocebo/drucebo effect and to improve long-term compliance with lipid-lowering therapy.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: Drucebo effect, Nocebo effect, SAMS, Statin intolerance
Divisions: Faculty of Health and Life Sciences
Faculty of Health and Life Sciences > Institute of Life Courses and Medical Sciences
Depositing User: Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited: 06 Feb 2024 11:13
Last Modified: 06 Feb 2024 11:13
DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12960
Open Access URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12960
Related URLs:
URI: https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3178456
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