Induced Local and Systemic Defense Responses in Tomato Underlying Interactions Between the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita and the Potato Aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae.

Mbaluto, Crispus M ORCID: 0000-0001-5025-2669, Ahmad, Esraa M, Mädicke, Anne, Grosser, Katharina, van Dam, Nicole M and Martínez-Medina, Ainhoa ORCID: 0000-0001-5008-9865 (2021) Induced Local and Systemic Defense Responses in Tomato Underlying Interactions Between the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita and the Potato Aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae. Frontiers in plant science, 12. 632212-.

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.632212

Abstract

<jats:p>Plants mediate interactions between different herbivores that attack simultaneously or sequentially aboveground (AG) and belowground (BG) organs. The local and systemic activation of hormonal signaling pathways and the concomitant accumulation of defense metabolites underlie such AG-BG interactions. The main plant-mediated mechanisms regulating these reciprocal interactions <jats:italic>via</jats:italic> local and systemic induced responses remain poorly understood. We investigated the impact of root infection by the root-knot nematode (RKN) <jats:italic>Meloidogyne incognita</jats:italic> at different stages of its infection cycle, on tomato leaf defense responses triggered by the potato aphid <jats:italic>Macrosiphum euphorbiae</jats:italic>. In addition, we analyzed the reverse impact of aphid leaf feeding on the root responses triggered by the RKN. We focused specifically on the signaling pathways regulated by the phytohormones jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) as well as steroidal glycoalkaloids as induced defense compounds. We found that aphid feeding did not induce AG hormonal signaling, but it repressed steroidal glycoalkaloids related responses in leaves, specifically when feeding on plants in the vegetative stage. Root infection by the RKN impeded the aphid-triggered repression of the steroidal glycoalkaloids-related response AG. In roots, the RKN triggered the SA pathway during the entire infection cycle and the ABA pathway specifically during its reproduction stage. RKN infection also elicited the steroidal glycoalkaloids related gene expression, specifically when it was in the galling stage. Aphid feeding did not systemically alter the RKN-induced defense responses in roots. Our results point to an asymmetrical interaction between <jats:italic>M. incognita</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ma. euphorbiae</jats:italic> when co-occurring in tomato plants. Moreover, the RKN seems to determine the root defense response regardless of a later occurring attack by the potato aphid AG.</jats:p>

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	aboveground-belowground interactions, local responses, phytohormones, plant-mediated interactions, potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae), root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita), steroidal glycoalkaloids, systemic responses
Divisions:	Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences > Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	18 Mar 2024 10:12
Last Modified:	18 Mar 2024 10:12
DOI:	10.3389/fpls.2021.632212
Related URLs:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3179607