Williams, Richard G ORCID: 0000-0002-3180-7558, Katavouta, Anna ORCID: 0000-0002-1587-4996 and Goodwin, Philip
(2019)
Carbon-Cycle Feedbacks Operating in the Climate System.
CURRENT CLIMATE CHANGE REPORTS, 5 (4).
pp. 282-295.
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Abstract
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Climate change involves a direct response of the climate system to forcing which is amplified or damped by feedbacks operating in the climate system. Carbon-cycle feedbacks alter the land and ocean carbon inventories and so act to reduce or enhance the increase in atmospheric CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> from carbon emissions. The prevailing framework for carbon-cycle feedbacks connect changes in land and ocean carbon inventories with a linear sum of dependencies on atmospheric CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and surface temperature. Carbon-cycle responses and feedbacks provide competing contributions: the dominant effect is that increasing atmospheric CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> acts to enhance the land and ocean carbon stores, so providing a negative response and feedback to the original increase in atmospheric CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, while rising surface temperature acts to reduce the land and ocean carbon stores, so providing a weaker positive feedback for atmospheric CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>. The carbon response and feedback of the land and ocean system may be expressed in terms of a combined carbon response and feedback parameter, <jats:italic>λ</jats:italic><jats:sub>carbon</jats:sub> in units of W m<jats:sup>− 2</jats:sup><jats:italic>K</jats:italic><jats:sup>− 1</jats:sup>, and is linearly related to the physical climate feedback parameter, <jats:italic>λ</jats:italic><jats:sub>climate</jats:sub>, revealing how carbon and climate responses and feedbacks are inter-connected. The magnitude and uncertainties in the carbon-cycle response and feedback parameter are comparable with the magnitude and uncertainties in the climate feedback parameter from clouds. Further mechanistic insight needs to be gained into how the carbon-cycle feedbacks are controlled for the land and ocean, particularly to separate often competing effects from changes in atmospheric CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and climate forcing.</jats:p>
Item Type: | Article |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | Carbon cycle, Carbon emissions, Carbon feedbacks, Climate feedbacks |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Admin |
Date Deposited: | 28 Nov 2019 13:28 |
Last Modified: | 19 Jan 2023 00:18 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s40641-019-00144-9 |
Related URLs: | |
URI: | https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3063846 |
Available Versions of this Item
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Carbon-Cycle Feedbacks Operating in the Climate System. (deposited 02 Sep 2019 10:21)
- Carbon-Cycle Feedbacks Operating in the Climate System. (deposited 28 Nov 2019 13:28) [Currently Displayed]