Chemical Sniffing Instrumentation for Security Applications

Giannoukos, Stamatios, Brkic, Boris, Taylor, Stephen ORCID: 0000-0002-2144-8459, Marshall, Alan ORCID: 0000-0002-8058-5242 and Verbeck, Guido F (2016) Chemical Sniffing Instrumentation for Security Applications CHEMICAL REVIEWS, 116 (14). pp. 8146-8172. ISSN 0009-2665, 1520-6890

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Abstract

Border control for homeland security faces major challenges worldwide due to chemical threats from national and/or international terrorism as well as organized crime. A wide range of technologies and systems with threat detection and monitoring capabilities has emerged to identify the chemical footprint associated with these illegal activities. This review paper investigates artificial sniffing technologies used as chemical sensors for point-of-use chemical analysis, especially during border security applications. This article presents an overview of (a) the existing available technologies reported in the scientific literature for threat screening, (b) commercially available, portable (hand-held and stand-off) chemical detection systems, and (c) their underlying functional and operational principles. Emphasis is given to technologies that have been developed for in-field security operations, but laboratory developed techniques are also summarized as emerging technologies. The chemical analytes of interest in this review are (a) volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with security applications (e.g., illegal, hazardous, and terrorist events), (b) chemical "signatures" associated with human presence, and (c) threat compounds (drugs, explosives, and chemical warfare agents).

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Animals, Humans, Chemical Warfare Agents, Hazardous Substances, Smell, Sex Factors, Security Measures, Female, Male, Chemical Terrorism, Explosive Agents, Volatile Organic Compounds, Electronic Nose, Odorants, Illicit Drugs
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	08 Jul 2016 10:34
Last Modified:	24 Jun 2026 12:43
DOI:	10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00065
Related Websites:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3002200
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