IQ at 6 years after in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs: A controlled cohort study

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Baker, GA, Bromley, RL, Briggs, M, Cheyne, Christopher, Cohen, MJ, García-Fiñana, M ORCID: 0000-0003-4939-0575, Gummery, A, Kneen, R, Loring, DW, Mawer, G et al (show 3 more authors) , Meador, KJ, Shallcross, R and Clayton-Smith, J (2015) IQ at 6 years after in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs: A controlled cohort study. Neurology, 84 (4). pp. 382-390.

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Abstract

Objective: To delineate the risk to child IQ associated with frequently prescribed antiepileptic drugs. Methods: Children born to women with epilepsy (n = 243) and women without epilepsy (n = 287) were recruited during pregnancy and followed prospectively. Of these, 408 were blindly assessed at 6 years of age. Maternal and child demographics were collected and entered into statistical models. Results: The adjusted mean IQ was 9.7 points lower (95% confidence interval [CI] −4.9 to −14.6; p < 0.001) for children exposed to high-dose (>800 mg daily) valproate, with a similar significant effect observed for the verbal, nonverbal, and spatial subscales. Children exposed to high-dose valproate had an 8-fold increased need of educational intervention relative to control children (adjusted relative risk, 95% CI 8.0, 2.5–19.7; p < 0.001). Valproate at doses <800 mg daily was not associated with reduced IQ, but was associated with impaired verbal abilities (−5.6, 95% CI −11.1 to −0.1; p = 0.04) and a 6-fold increase in educational intervention (95% CI 1.4–18.0; p = 0.01). In utero exposure to carbamazepine or lamotrigine did not have a significant effect on IQ, but carbamazepine was associated with reduced verbal abilities (−4.2, 95% CI −0.6 to −7.8; p = 0.02) and increased frequency of IQ <85. Conclusions: Consistent with data from younger cohorts, school-aged children exposed to valproate at maternal doses more than 800 mg daily continue to experience significantly poorer cognitive development than control children or children exposed to lamotrigine and carbamazepine.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	## TULIP Type: Articles/Papers (Journal) ##
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Liverpool and Manchester Neurodevelopment Group, Humans, Epilepsy, Pregnancy Complications, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Valproic Acid, Triazines, Carbamazepine, Anticonvulsants, Prospective Studies, Child Development, Intelligence, Pregnancy, Adult, Child, Female, Male, Lamotrigine
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2016 14:18
Last Modified:	19 Jan 2023 07:32
DOI:	10.1212/WNL.0000000000001182
Related URLs:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3002595