Evidence for light-by-light scattering in heavy-ion collisions with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

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Aaboud, M, Aad, G, Abbott, B, Abdallah, J, Abdinov, O, Abeloos, B, Abidi, SH, AbouZeid, OS, Abraham, NL, Abramowicz, H et al (show 2824 more authors) , Abreu, H, Abreu, R, Abulaiti, Y, Acharya, BS, Adachi, S, Adamczyk, L, Adelman, J, Adersberger, M, Adye, T, Affolder, AA, Agatonovic-Jovin, T, Agheorghiesei, C, Aguilar-Saavedra, JA, Ahlen, SP, Ahmadov, F, Aielli, G, Akatsuka, S, Akerstedt, H, Akesson, TPA, Akimov, AV, Alberghi, GL, Albert, J, Alconada Verzini, MJ, Aleksa, M, Aleksandrov, IN, Alexa, C, Alexander, G, Alexopoulos, T, Alhroob, M, Ali, B, Aliev, M, Alimonti, G, Alison, J, Alkire, SP, Allbrooke, BMM, Allen, BW, Allport, PP, Aloisio, A, Alonso, A, Alonso, F, Alpigiani, C, Alshehri, AA, Alstaty, M, Gonzalez, B Alvarez, Alvarez Piqueras, D, Alviggi, MG, Amadio, BT, Amaral Coutinho, Y, Amelung, C, Amidei, D, Amor Dos Santos, SP, Amorim, A, Amoroso, S, Amundsen, G, Anastopoulos, C, Ancu, LS, Andari, N, Andeen, T, Anders, CF, Anders, JK, Anderson, KJ, Andreazza, A, Andrei, V, 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Navarro, L, Barreiro, F, da Costa, J Barreiro Guimaraes, Bartoldus, R, Barton, AE, Bartos, P, Basalaev, A, Bassalat, A, Bates, RL, Batista, SJ, Batley, JR, Battaglia, M, Bauce, M, Bauer, F, Bawa, HS, Beacham, JB, Beattie, MD, Beau, T, Beauchemin, PH, Bechtle, P, Beck, HP, Becker, K, Becker, M, Beckingham, M, Becot, C, Beddall, AJ, Beddall, A, Bednyakov, VA, Bedognetti, M, Bee, CP, Beermann, TA, Begalli, M, Begel, M, Behr, JK, Bell, AS, Bella, G, Bellagamba, L, Bellerive, A, Bellomo, M, Belotskiy, K, Beltramello, O, Belyaev, NL, Benary, O, Benchekroun, D, Bender, M, Bendtz, K, Benekos, N, Benhammou, Y, Noccioli, E Benhar, Benitez, J, Benjamin, DP, Benoit, M, Bensinger, JR, Bentvelsen, S, Beresford, L, Beretta, M, Berge, D, Kuutmann, E Bergeaas, Berger, N, Beringer, J, Berlendis, S, Bernard, NR, Bernardi, G, Bernius, C, Bernlochner, FU, Berry, T, Berta, P, Bertella, C, Bertoli, G, Bertolucci, F, Bertram, IA, Bertsche, C, Bertsche, D, Besjes, GJ, Bylund, O Bessidskaia, Bessner, M, Besson, 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Brenner, R, Bressler, S, Briglin, DL, Bristow, TM, Britton, D, Britzger, D, Brochu, FM, Brock, I, Brock, R, Brooijmans, G, Brooks, T, Brooks, WK, Brosamer, J, Brost, E, Broughton, JH, de Renstrom, PA Bruckman, Bruncko, D, Bruni, A, Bruni, G, Bruni, LS, Brunt, BH, Bruschi, M, Bruscino, N, Bryant, P, Bryngemark, L, Buanes, T, Buat, Q, Buchholz, P, Buckley, AG, Budagov, IA, Buehrer, F, Bugge, MK, Bulekov, O, Bullock, D, Burckhart, H, Burdin, S ORCID: 0000-0003-4831-4132, Burgard, CD, Burger, AM, Burghgrave, B, Burka, K, Burke, S, Burmeister, I, Burr, JTP, Busato, E, Buescher, D, Buescher, V, Bussey, P, Butler, JM, Buttar, CM, Butterworth, JM, Butti, P, Buttinger, W, Buzatu, A, Buzykaev, AR, Cabrera Urban, S, Caforio, D, Cairo, VM, Cakir, O, Calace, N, Calafiura, P, Calandri, A, Calderini, G, Calfayan, P, Callea, G, Caloba, LP, Calvente Lopez, S, Calvet, D, Calvet, S, Calvet, TP, Toro, R Camacho, Camarda, S, Camarri, P, Cameron, D, Armadans, R Caminal, Camincher, C, Campana, S, Campanelli, 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Ortuzar, M Crispin, Cristinziani, M, Croft, V, Crosetti, G, Cueto, A, Donszelmann, T Cuhadar, Cummings, J, Curatolo, M, Cuth, J, Czirr, H, Czodrowski, P, D'amen, G, D'Auria, S, D'Onofrio, M ORCID: 0000-0003-2408-5099, Da Cunha Sargedas De Sousa, MJ, Da Via, C, Dabrowski, W, Dado, T, Dai, T, Dale, O, Dallaire, F, Dallapiccola, C, Dam, M, Dandoy, JR, Dang, NP, Daniells, AC, Dann, NS, Danninger, M, Hoffmann, M Dano, Dao, V, Darbo, G, Darmora, S, Dassoulas, J, Dattagupta, A, Daubney, T, Davey, W, David, C, Davidek, T, Davies, M, Davison, P, Dawe, E, Dawson, I, De, K, de Asmundis, R, De Benedetti, A, De Castro, S, De Cecco, S, De Groot, N, de Jong, P, De la Torre, H, De Lorenzi, F, De Maria, A, De Pedis, D, De Salvo, A, De Sanctis, U, De Santo, A, Corga, K De Vasconcelos, De Regie, JB De Vivie, Dearnaley, WJ, Debbe, R, Debenedetti, C, Dedovich, DV, Dehghanian, N, Deigaard, I, Del Gaudio, M, Del Peso, J, Del Prete, T, Delgove, D, Deliot, F, Delitzsch, CM, Dell'Acqua, A, Dell'Asta, L, 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MI, Goudet, CR, Goujdami, D, Goussiou, AG, Govender, N, Gozani, E, Graber, L, Grabowska-Bold, I, Gradin, POJ, Gramling, J, Gramstad, E, Grancagnolo, S, Gratchev, V, Gravila, PM, Gray, HM, Greenwood, ZD, Grefe, C, Gregersen, K, Gregor, IM, Grenier, P, Grevtsov, K, Griffiths, J, Grillo, AA, Grimm, K, Grinstein, S, Gris, Ph, Grivaz, J-F, Groh, S, Gross, E, Grosse-Knetter, J, Grossi, GC, Grout, ZJ, Guan, L, Guan, W, Guenther, J, Guescini, F, Guest, D, Gueta, O, Gui, B, Guido, E, Guillemin, T, Guindon, S, Gul, U, Gumpert, C, Guo, J, Guo, W, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Gupta, S, Gustavino, G, Gutierrez, P, Ortiz, NG Gutierrez, Gutschow, C, Guyot, C, Guzik, MP, Gwenlan, C, Gwilliam, CB ORCID: 0000-0002-9401-5304, Haas, A, Haber, C, Hadavand, HK, Hadef, A, Hageboeck, S, Hagihara, M, Hakobyan, H, Haleem, M, Haley, J, Halladjian, G, Hallewell, GD, Hamacher, K, Hamal, P, Hamano, K, Hamilton, A, Hamity, GN, Hamnett, PG, Han, L, Han, S, Hanagaki, K, Hanawa, K, Hance, M, Haney, B, Hanke, P, Hansen, JB, 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Jeanty, L, Jejelava, J, Jelinskas, A, Jenni, P, Jeske, C, Jezequel, S, Ji, H, Jia, J, Jiang, H, Jiang, Y, Jiang, Z, Jiggins, S, Jimenez Pena, J, Jin, S, Jinaru, A, Jinnouchi, O, Jivan, H, Johansson, P, Johns, KA, Johnson, CA, Johnson, WJ, Jon-And, K, Jones, RWL, Jones, S, Jones, TJ ORCID: 0000-0002-2580-1977, Jongmanns, J, Jorge, PM, Jovicevic, J, Ju, X, Juste Rozas, A, Kohler, MK, Kaczmarska, A, Kado, M, Kagan, H, Kagan, M, Kahn, SJ, Kaji, T, Kajomovitz, E, Kalderon, CW, Kaluza, A, Kama, S, Kamenshchikov, A, Kanaya, N, Kaneti, S, Kanjir, L, Kantserov, VA, Kanzaki, J, Kaplan, B, Kaplan, LS, Kar, D, Karakostas, K, Karastathis, N, Kareem, MJ, Karentzos, E, Karpov, SN, Karpova, ZM, Karthik, K, Kartvelishvili, V, Karyukhin, AN, Kasahara, K, Kashif, L, Kass, RD, Kastanas, A, Kataoka, Y, Kato, C, Katre, A, Katzy, J, Kawade, K, Kawagoe, K, Kawamoto, T, Kawamura, G, Kay, EF, Kazanin, VF, Keeler, R, Kehoe, R, Keller, JS, Kempster, JJ, Keoshkerian, , Kepka, O, Kersevan, BP, Kersten, S, Keyes, RA, Khader, M, Khalil-zada, F, Khanov, A, Kharlamov, AG, Kharlamova, T, Khodinov, A, Khoo, TJ, Khovanskiy, V, Khramov, E, Khubua, J, Kido, S, Kilby, CR, Kim, HY, Kim, SH, Kim, YK, Kimura, N, Kind, OM, King, BT, Kirchmeier, D, Kirk, J, Kiryunin, AE, Kishimoto, T, Kisielewska, D, Kiuchi, K, Kivernyk, O, Kladiva, E, Klapdor-Kleingrothaus, T, Klein, MH, Klein, M, Klein, U ORCID: 0000-0001-7391-5330, Kleinknecht, K, Klimek, P, Klimentov, A, Klingenberg, R, Klingl, T, Klioutchnikova, T, Kluge, E-E, Kluit, P, Kluth, S, Knapik, J, Kneringer, E, Knoops, EBFG, Knue, A, Kobayashi, A, Kobayashi, D, Kobayashi, T, Kobel, M, Kocian, M, Kodys, P, Koffas, T, Koffeman, E, Koehler, NM, Koi, T, Kolb, M, Koletsou, I, Komar, AA, Komori, Y, Kondo, T, Kondrashova, N, Koeneke, K, Konig, AC, Kono, T, Konoplich, R, Konstantinidis, N, Kopeliansky, R, Koperny, S, Kopp, AK, Korcyl, K, Kordas, K, Korn, A, Korol, AA, Korolkov, I, Korolkova, EV, Kortner, O, Kortner, S, Kosek, T, Kostyukhin, VV, Kotwal, A, Koulouris, 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Abstract

Light-by-light scattering ($\gamma\gamma\rightarrow\gamma\gamma$) is a quantum-mechanical process that is forbidden in the classical theory of electrodynamics. This reaction is accessible at the Large Hadron Collider thanks to the large electromagnetic field strengths generated by ultra-relativistic colliding lead (Pb) ions. Using 480 $\mu$b$^{-1}$ of Pb+Pb collision data recorded at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV by the ATLAS detector, the ATLAS Collaboration reports evidence for the $\gamma\gamma\rightarrow\gamma\gamma$ reaction. A total of 13 candidate events are observed with an expected background of 2.6$\pm$0.7 events. After background subtraction and analysis corrections, the fiducial cross section of the process $\textrm{Pb+Pb}\,(\gamma\gamma)\rightarrow \textrm{Pb}^{(\ast)}\textrm{+}\textrm{Pb}^{(\ast)}\,\gamma\gamma$, for photon transverse energy $E_{\mathrm{T}}>$3 GeV, photon absolute pseudorapidity $|\eta|<$2.4, diphoton invariant mass greater than 6 GeV, diphoton transverse momentum lower than 2 GeV and diphoton acoplanarity below 0.01, is measured to be 70 $\pm$ 24 (stat.) $\pm$ 17 (syst.) nb, which is in agreement with Standard Model predictions.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	34 pages in total, author list starting page 18, 6 figures, 2 tables. published version. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2016-05/
Uncontrolled Keywords:	hep-ex, hep-ex, nucl-ex
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	22 Sep 2017 15:26
Last Modified:	19 Jan 2023 06:54
DOI:	10.1038/NPHYS4208
Open Access URL:	https://arxiv.org/abs/1702.01625
Related URLs:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3009588