Evidence for light-by-light scattering in heavy-ion collisions with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

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Aaboud, M, Aad, G, Abbott, B, Abdallah, J, Abdinov, O, Abeloos, B, Abidi, SH, AbouZeid, OS, Abraham, NL, Abramowicz, H et al (show 2824 more authors) , Abreu, H, Abreu, R, Abulaiti, Y, Acharya, BS, Adachi, S, Adamczyk, L, Adelman, J, Adersberger, M, Adye, T, Affolder, AA, Agatonovic-Jovin, T, Agheorghiesei, C, Aguilar-Saavedra, JA, Ahlen, SP, Ahmadov, F, Aielli, G, Akatsuka, S, Akerstedt, H, Akesson, TPA, Akimov, AV, Alberghi, GL, Albert, J, Alconada Verzini, MJ, Aleksa, M, Aleksandrov, IN, Alexa, C, Alexander, G, Alexopoulos, T, Alhroob, M, Ali, B, Aliev, M, Alimonti, G, Alison, J, Alkire, SP, Allbrooke, BMM, Allen, BW, Allport, PP, Aloisio, A, Alonso, A, Alonso, F, Alpigiani, C, Alshehri, AA, Alstaty, M, Gonzalez, B Alvarez, Alvarez Piqueras, D, Alviggi, MG, Amadio, BT, Amaral Coutinho, Y, Amelung, C, Amidei, D, Amor Dos Santos, SP, Amorim, A, Amoroso, S, Amundsen, G, Anastopoulos, C, Ancu, LS, Andari, N, Andeen, T, Anders, CF, Anders, JK ORCID: 0000-0002-1846-0262, Anderson, KJ, Andreazza, A, Andrei, V, Angelidakis, S, Angelozzi, I, Angerami, A, Anghinolfi, F, Anisenkov, AV, Anjos, N, Annovi, A, Antel, C, Antonelli, M, Antonov, A, Antrim, DJ, Anulli, F, Aoki, M, Bella, L Aperio, Arabidze, G, Arai, Y, Araque, JP, Araujo Ferraz, V, Arce, ATH, Ardell, RE, Arduh, FA, Arguin, J-F, Argyropoulos, S, Arik, M, Armbruster, AJ, Armitage, LJ, Arnaez, O, Arnold, H, Arratia, M, Arslan, O, Artamonov, A, Artoni, G, Artz, S, Asai, S, Asbah, N, Ashkenazi, A, Asquith, L, Assamagan, K, Astalos, R, Atkinson, M, Atlay, NB, Augsten, K, Avolio, G, Axen, B, Ayoub, MK, Azuelos, G, Baas, AE, Baca, MJ, Bachacou, H, Bachas, K, Backes, M, Backhaus, M, Bagiacchi, P, Bagnaia, P, Baines, JT, Bajic, M, Baker, OK, Baldin, EM, Balek, P, Balestri, T, Balli, F, Balunas, WK, Banas, E, Banerjee, Sw, Bannoura, AAE, Barak, L, Barberio, EL, Barberis, D, Barbero, M, Barillari, T, Barisits, M-S, Barklow, T, Barlow, N, Barnes, SL, Barnett, BM, Barnett, RM, Barnovska-Blenessy, Z, Baroncelli, A, Barone, G, 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Fernandez Perez, S, Ferrando, J, Ferrari, A, Ferrari, P, Ferrari, R, de Lima, DE Ferreira, Ferrer, A, Ferrere, D, Ferretti, C, Fiedler, F, Filipcic, A, Filipuzzi, M, Filthaut, F, Fincke-Keeler, M, Finelli, KD, Fiolhais, MCN, Fiorini, L, Fischer, A, Fischer, C, Fischer, J, Fisher, WC, Flaschel, N, Fleck, I, Fleischmann, P, Fletcher, RRM, Flick, T, Flierl, BM, Castillo, LR Flores, Flowerdew, MJ, Forcolin, GT, Formica, A, Forti, A, Foster, AG, Fournier, D, Fox, H, Fracchia, S, Francavilla, P, Franchini, M, Franchino, S, Francis, D, Franconi, L, Franklin, M, Frate, M, Fraternali, M, Freeborn, D, Fressard-Batraneanu, SM, Freund, B, Froidevaux, D, Frost, JA, Fukunaga, C, Torregrosa, E Fullana, Fusayasu, T, Fuster, J, Gabaldon, C, Gabizon, O, Gabrielli, A, Gach, GP, Gadatsch, S, Gadomski, S, Gagliardi, G, Gagnon, LG, Gagnon, P, Galea, C, Galhardo, B, Gallas, EJ, Gallop, BJ, Gallus, P, Galster, G, Gan, KK, Ganguly, S, Gao, J, Gao, Y, Gao, YS, Walls, FM Garay, Garcia, C, Garcia Navarro, JE, 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detector at the LHC NATURE PHYSICS, 13 (9). 852-+. ISSN 1745-2473, 1745-2481

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Abstract

Light-by-light scattering (γγ → γγ) is a quantum-mechanical process that is forbidden in the classical theory of electrodynamics. This reaction is accessible at the Large Hadron Collider thanks to the large electromagnetic field strengths generated by ultra-relativistic colliding lead ions. Using 480 μ¹ of lead-lead collision data recorded at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV by the ATLAS detector, here we report evidence for light-by-light scattering. A total of 13 candidate events were observed with an expected background of 2.6 ± 0.7 events. After background subtraction and analysis corrections, the fiducial cross-section of the process Pb + Pb (γγ) → Pb^(∗) + Pb^(∗) <inf>γγ</inf>,for photon transverse energy E<inf>T</inf> > 3GeV, photon absolute pseudorapidity |η| <2.4, diphoton invariant mass greater than 6GeV, diphoton transverse momentum lower than 2GeV and diphoton acoplanarity below 0.01, is measured to be 70 ± 24 (stat.) ±17 (syst.) nb, which is in agreement with the standard model predictions.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	34 pages in total, author list starting page 18, 6 figures, 2 tables. published version. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2016-05/
Uncontrolled Keywords:	hep-ex, hep-ex, nucl-ex
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	22 Sep 2017 15:26
Last Modified:	22 May 2026 19:39
DOI:	10.1038/NPHYS4208
Open Access URL:	https://arxiv.org/abs/1702.01625
Related Websites:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3009588
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