Self-Compensation in Transparent Conducting F-Doped SnO<sub>2</sub>


Swallow, Jack EN, Williamson, Benjamin AD, Whittles, Thomas J ORCID: 0000-0002-5154-7511, Birkett, Max ORCID: 0000-0002-6076-6820, Featherstone, Thomas J, Peng, Nianhua, Abbott, Alex, Farnworth, Mark, Cheetham, Kieran J ORCID: 0000-0002-3534-2049, Warren, Paul et al (show 3 more authors) (2018) Self-Compensation in Transparent Conducting F-Doped SnO<sub>2</sub>. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, 28 (4). p. 1701900. ISSN 1616-301X, 1616-3028

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Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The factors limiting the conductivity of fluorine‐doped tin dioxide (FTO) produced via atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition are investigated. Modeling of the transport properties indicates that the measured Hall effect mobilities are far below the theoretical ionized impurity scattering limit. Significant compensation of donors by acceptors is present with a compensation ratio of 0.5, indicating that for every two donors there is approximately one acceptor. Hybrid density functional theory calculations of defect and impurity formation energies indicate the most probable acceptor‐type defects. The fluorine interstitial defect has the lowest formation energy in the degenerate regime of FTO. Fluorine interstitials act as singly charged acceptors at the high Fermi levels corresponding to degenerately n‐type films. X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy of the fluorine impurities is consistent with the presence of substitutional F<jats:sub>O</jats:sub> donors and interstitial F<jats:sub>i</jats:sub> in a roughly 2:1 ratio in agreement with the compensation ratio indicated by the transport modeling. Quantitative analysis through Hall effect, X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy, and calibrated secondary ion mass spectrometry further supports the presence of compensating fluorine‐related defects.</jats:p>

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: carrier transport, fluorine-doped stannic oxide, fluorine-doped tin dioxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, self-compensation
Depositing User: Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited: 23 Oct 2017 15:30
Last Modified: 07 Dec 2024 18:37
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201701900
Open Access URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/a...
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URI: https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3010524
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