Genomic Analyses of Pre-European Conquest Human Remains from the Canary Islands Reveal Close Affinity to Modern North Africans



Rodriguez-Varela, Ricardo, Guenther, Torsten, Krzewinska, Maja, Stora, Jan, Gillingwater, Thomas H, MacCallum, Malcolm, Luis Arsuaga, Juan, Dobney, Keith ORCID: 0000-0001-9036-4681, Valdiosera, Cristina, Jakobsson, Mattias
et al (show 2 more authors) (2017) Genomic Analyses of Pre-European Conquest Human Remains from the Canary Islands Reveal Close Affinity to Modern North Africans. CURRENT BIOLOGY, 27 (21). 3396-+.

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Abstract

The origins and genetic affinity of the aboriginal inhabitants of the Canary Islands, commonly known as Guanches, are poorly understood. Though radiocarbon dates on archaeological remains such as charcoal, seeds, and domestic animal bones suggest that people have inhabited the islands since the 5<sup>th</sup> century BCE [1-3], it remains unclear how many times, and by whom, the islands were first settled [4, 5]. Previously published ancient DNA analyses of uniparental genetic markers have shown that the Guanches carried common North African Y chromosome markers (E-M81, E-M78, and J-M267) and mitochondrial lineages such as U6b, in addition to common Eurasian haplogroups [6-8]. These results are in agreement with some linguistic, archaeological, and anthropological data indicating an origin from a North African Berber-like population [1, 4, 9]. However, to date there are no published Guanche autosomal genomes to help elucidate and directly test this hypothesis. To resolve this, we generated the first genome-wide sequence data and mitochondrial genomes from eleven archaeological Guanche individuals originating from Gran Canaria and Tenerife. Five of the individuals (directly radiocarbon dated to a time transect spanning the 7<sup>th</sup>-11<sup>th</sup> centuries CE) yielded sufficient autosomal genome coverage (0.21× to 3.93×) for population genomic analysis. Our results show that the Guanches were genetically similar over time and that they display the greatest genetic affinity to extant Northwest Africans, strongly supporting the hypothesis of a Berber-like origin. We also estimate that the Guanches have contributed 16%-31% autosomal ancestry to modern Canary Islanders, here represented by two individuals from Gran Canaria.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Genomic Analyses of Pre-European Conquest Human Remains from the Canary Islands Reveal Close Affinity to Modern North Africans journaltitle: Current Biology articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.059 content_type: article copyright: © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Uncontrolled Keywords: Tooth, Humans, DNA, Mitochondrial, Genetic Markers, Genetics, Population, Emigration and Immigration, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genome, Human, Archaeology, Africa, Northern, Spain, Genome, Mitochondrial, DNA, Ancient, Body Remains, Racial Groups
Depositing User: Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited: 13 Nov 2017 07:45
Last Modified: 19 Jan 2023 06:50
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.059
Open Access URL: http://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822...
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URI: https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3011977