Experimental test of the heating and cooling rate effect on blocking temperatures

Berndt, Thomas, Paterson, Greig A ORCID: 0000-0002-6864-7420, Cao, Changqian and Muxworthy, Adrian R (2017) Experimental test of the heating and cooling rate effect on blocking temperatures. GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL, 210 (1). pp. 255-269.

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Abstract

The cooling rates at which rocks acquire thermoremanent magnetizations (TRMs), affect their unblocking temperatures in thermal demagnetization experiments; similarly the heating rates at which the thermal demagnetization experiments are done also affect the unblocking temperature. We have tested the effects of variable cooling and heating rates on the unblocking temperatures of two natural non-interacting, magnetically uniform (single-domain, SD) (titano) magnetite samples and a synthetic SD magnetoferritin sample. While previous studies have only considered unblocking temperatures for stepwise thermal demagnetization data (i.e. the room-temperature magnetization after incremental heating), in this work we derive an expression for continuous thermal demagnetization of both TRMs and viscous remanent magnetizations (VRMs) and relate the heating rate to an effective equivalent hold time of a stepwise thermal demagnetization experiment. Through our analysis we reach four main conclusions: First, the theoretical expressions for the heating/cooling rate effect do not accurately predict experimentally observed blocking temperatures. Empirically, the relation can be modified incorporating a factor that amplifies both the temperature and the heating rate dependence of the heating/cooling rate effect. Using these correction factors, Pullaiah nomograms can accurately predict blocking temperatures of both TRMs and VRMs for continuous heating/cooling. Second, demagnetization temperatures are approximately predicted by published 'Pullaiah nomograms', but blocking occurs gradually over temperature intervals of 5-40 K. Third, the theoretically predicted temperatures correspond to ~54-82 per cent blocking, depending on the sample. Fourth, the blocking temperatures can be used to obtain estimates of the atomic attempt time t 0, which were found to be 3 × 10-10 s for large grained (titano)magnetite, 1 × 10-13 s for small grained (titano)magnetite below the Verwey transition and 9 × 10-10 s for magnetoferritin (~8 nm).

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Magnetic mineralogy and petrology, Palaeointensity, Palaeomagnetism applied to geologic processes, Rock and mineral magnetism
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	25 Jan 2018 15:08
Last Modified:	19 Jan 2023 06:42
DOI:	10.1093/gji/ggx153
Open Access URL:	http://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggx153
Related URLs:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3016858