Abass, AMFF ORCID: 0000-0002-8622-4632, Lopes, Bernardo, Eliasy, Ashkan
ORCID: 0000-0002-4473-1900, Wu, Richard, Jones, Steve
ORCID: 0000-0002-8977-8403, Clamp, John, Ambrósio, Renato and Elsheikh, Ahmed
ORCID: 0000-0001-7456-1749
(2018)
Three-dimensional non-parametric method for limbus detection.
PLoS One, 13 (11).
e0207710-.
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Abstract
Purpose To present a novel non-parametric algorithm for detecting the position of the human eye limbus in three dimensions and a new dynamic method for measuring the full 360° visible iris boundary known as white-to-white distance along the eye horizontal line. Methods The study included 88 participants aged 23 to 65 years (37.7±9.7), 47 females and 41 males. Clinical characteristics, height data and the apex coordinates and 1024×1280 pixel digital images of the eyes were taken by an Eye Surface Profiler and processed by custom-built MATLAB codes. A dynamic light intensity frequency based white-to-white detection process and a novel three-dimensional method for limbus detection is presented. Results Evidence of significant differences (p<0.001) between nasal-temporal and superior-inferior white-to-white distances in both right and left eyes were found (nasal-temporal direction; 11.74±0.42 mm in right eyes and 11.82±0.47 mm in left eyes & superior-inferior direction; 11.52±0.45 mm in right eyes and 11.55±0.46 mm in left eyes). Average limbus nasal-temporal diameters were 13.64±0.55 mm for right eyes, and 13.74±0.40 mm for left eyes, however the superior-inferior diameters were 13.65±0.54 mm, 13.75±0.38 mm for right and left eyes, respectively. No significant difference in limbus contours has been observed either between the nasal-temporal direction (p = 0.91) and the superior-inferior direction (p = 0.83) or between the right (p = 0.18) and left eyes (p = 0.16). Evidence of tilt towards the nasal-temporal side in the three-dimensional shape of the limbus was found. The right eyes mean limbus contour tilt around the X-axis was -0.3±1.35° however, their mean limbus contour tilt around the Y-axis was 1.76±0.9°. Likewise, the left eyes mean limbus contour tilt around the X-axis was 0.77±1.25° and the mean limbus contour tilt around the Y-axis was -1.54±0.89°. Conclusions The white-to-white distance in the human eye is significantly larger in the nasal-temporal direction than in the superior-inferior direction. The human limbus diameter was found not to vary significantly in these directions. The 3D measures show that the limbus contour does not lay in one plane and tends to be higher on the nasal-inferior side of the eye.
Item Type: | Article |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | Limbus Corneae, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Algorithms, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Young Adult |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Admin |
Date Deposited: | 10 Dec 2018 09:27 |
Last Modified: | 19 Jan 2023 01:09 |
DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pone.0207710 |
Open Access URL: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207710 |
Related URLs: | |
URI: | https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3029738 |
Available Versions of this Item
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Three-dimensional non-parametric method for limbus detection. (deposited 07 Nov 2018 10:51)
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Three-dimensional non-parametric method for limbus detection. (deposited 27 Nov 2018 11:55)
- Three-dimensional non-parametric method for limbus detection. (deposited 10 Dec 2018 09:27) [Currently Displayed]
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Three-dimensional non-parametric method for limbus detection. (deposited 27 Nov 2018 11:55)