A Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Atorvastatin for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

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Kitas, George D, Nightingale, Peter, Armitage, Jane, Sattar, Naveed, Belch, Jill JF, Symmons, Deborah PM, Williams, Hawys, Vasishta, Shobna, Storey, Rebecca, Bruce, Ian et al (show 116 more authors) , Durrington, Paul, McInnes, Iain, Situnayake, Deva, Struthers, Allan, Lowe, Gordon, Fox, Keith, Haskard, Dorian, Dore, Caroline, Bosworth, Ailsa, Frenneaux, Michael, Edwards, Christopher, Emberson, Jonathan, Bax, Deborah, Cobbe, Stuart, Stott, David, Sturrock, Roger, Macfarlane, Peter, Klocke, Rainer, Pullar, Tom, Tan, Su, Knight, Susan, Rowe, Iain, Kumar, Pradeep, Goodson, Nicky ORCID: 0000-0003-0714-3568, Mulherin, Diarmuid, Brzeski, Micheal, Gardiner, Philip, Walker, David, Callaghan, Rob, Allen, Margaret, McCarey, David, George, Emmanuel, Deighton, Chris, Kirkham, Bruce, Teh, Lee-Suan, Luqmani, Raashid, Chakravarty, Kuntal, Roussou, Euthalia, Nixon, Jenny, Richards, Selwyn, Scott, David, Woolf, Tony, Prouse, Peter, Packham, Jonathan, Davies, Martin, DeLord, Denise, O'Neill, Terence, Pande, Ira, Watts, Richard, Rankin, Elizabeth, Papasawas, George, Emery, Paul, Morgan, Ann, Sinha, Arvind, Dasgupta, Bhaskar, Creamer, Paul, Zoma, Asad, Walsh, David, Van-Laar, Jaap, Capps, Nigel, Cairns, Andrew, Marguerie, Christopher, Kumar, Namita, Abernethy, Rikki, Lillicrap, Mark, Ralston, Stuart, Makadsi, Raad, Hopkinson, Neil, Akil, Mohammed, Ahmad, Yasmeen, Adler, Matthew, Bukhari, Marwan, Sanders, Paul, Binymin, Khalid, Hassan, Alaa, Hughes, Rod, Irani, Mike, O'Reilly, David, Sainsbury, Paul, Richmond, Ruth, Malgorzata, Magliano, Nisar, Mohammed, McEntergart, Ann, Roy, Dipak, Marks, Jeffrey, Batley, Michael, Mahmud, Taher, McKenna, Frank, Harris, Helen, Smyth, Anita, Tunn, Eddie, Young, Adam, Baburaj, Krishnan, Thomas, Joegi, Hall, Frances, Marshall, Tarnya, Rao, Chandini, Dixey, Josh, Gendi, Nagui, Birrell, Fraser, Chelliah, Gladstone, Fishman, Daniel, Knights, Sally, Coady, David, Smith, Bill, Harrison, Beverley, Naz, Sophia, Siebert, Stefan, Chan, Anthony, Putchakayala, Kiran, Al-Ansari, Atheer, Gough, Andrew, Pyne, Dev, Patel, Yusaf, Isdale, Amanda and Harvie, John (2019) A Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Atorvastatin for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY, 71 (9). pp. 1437-1449.

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Abstract

<h4>Objective</h4>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased cardiovascular event (CVE) risk. The impact of statins in RA is not established. We assessed whether atorvastatin is superior to placebo for the primary prevention of CVEs in RA patients.<h4>Methods</h4>A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was designed to detect a 32% CVE risk reduction based on an estimated 1.6% per annum event rate with 80% power at P < 0.05. RA patients age >50 years or with a disease duration of >10 years who did not have clinical atherosclerosis, diabetes, or myopathy received atorvastatin 40 mg daily or matching placebo. The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack, or any arterial revascularization. Secondary and tertiary end points included plasma lipids and safety.<h4>Results</h4>A total of 3,002 patients (mean age 61 years; 74% female) were followed up for a median of 2.51 years (interquartile range [IQR] 1.90, 3.49 years) (7,827 patient-years). The study was terminated early due to a lower than expected event rate (0.70% per annum). Of the 1,504 patients receiving atorvastatin, 24 (1.6%) experienced a primary end point, compared with 36 (2.4%) of the 1,498 receiving placebo (hazard ratio [HR] 0.66 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.39, 1.11]; P = 0.115 and adjusted HR 0.60 [95% CI 0.32, 1.15]; P = 0.127). At trial end, patients receiving atorvastatin had a mean ± SD low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level 0.77 ± 0.04 mmoles/liter lower than those receiving placebo (P < 0.0001). C-reactive protein level was also significantly lower in the atorvastatin group than the placebo group (median 2.59 mg/liter [IQR 0.94, 6.08] versus 3.60 mg/liter [IQR 1.47, 7.49]; P < 0.0001). CVE risk reduction per mmole/liter reduction in LDL cholesterol was 42% (95% CI -14%, 70%). The rates of adverse events in the atorvastatin group (n = 298 [19.8%]) and placebo group (n = 292 [19.5%]) were similar.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Atorvastatin 40 mg daily is safe and results in a significantly greater reduction of LDL cholesterol level than placebo in patients with RA. The 34% CVE risk reduction is consistent with the Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' Collaboration meta-analysis of statin effects in other populations.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	TRACE RA Consortium, Humans, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Cardiovascular Diseases, Anticholesteremic Agents, Treatment Outcome, Proportional Hazards Models, Double-Blind Method, Primary Prevention, Aged, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Cholesterol, LDL, Atorvastatin
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	26 Nov 2019 11:27
Last Modified:	19 Jan 2023 00:18
DOI:	10.1002/art.40892
Related URLs:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3063542