Deciphering the complex interplay between pancreatic cancer, diabetes mellitus subtypes and obesity/BMI through causal inference and mediation analyses.


Molina-Montes, Esther, Coscia, Claudia, Gómez-Rubio, Paulina, Fernández, Alba, Boenink, Rianne, Rava, Marta ORCID: 0000-0003-2260-9370, Márquez, Mirari, Molero, Xavier, Löhr, Matthias, Sharp, Linda ORCID: 0000-0001-9515-1722 et al (show 30 more authors) (2021) Deciphering the complex interplay between pancreatic cancer, diabetes mellitus subtypes and obesity/BMI through causal inference and mediation analyses. Gut, 70 (2). 319 - 329.

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Abstract

<h4>Objectives</h4>To characterise the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subtypes (new-onset T2DM (NODM) or long-standing T2DM (LSDM)) and pancreatic cancer (PC) risk, to explore the direction of causation through Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis and to assess the mediation role of body mass index (BMI).<h4>Design</h4>Information about T2DM and related factors was collected from 2018 PC cases and 1540 controls from the PanGenEU (European Study into Digestive Illnesses and Genetics) study. A subset of PC cases and controls had glycated haemoglobin, C-peptide and genotype data. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to derive ORs and 95% CIs. T2DM and PC-related single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) were used as instrumental variables (IVs) in bidirectional MR analysis to test for two-way causal associations between PC, NODM and LSDM. Indirect and direct effects of the BMI-T2DM-PC association were further explored using mediation analysis.<h4>Results</h4>T2DM was associated with an increased PC risk when compared with non-T2DM (OR=2.50; 95% CI: 2.05 to 3.05), the risk being greater for NODM (OR=6.39; 95% CI: 4.18 to 9.78) and insulin users (OR=3.69; 95% CI: 2.80 to 4.86). The causal association between T2DM (57-SNP IV) and PC was not statistically significant (OR<sub>LSDM</sub>=1.08, 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.29, OR<sub>NODM</sub>=1.06, 95% CI: 0.95 to 1.17). In contrast, there was a causal association between PC (40-SNP IV) and NODM (OR=2.85; 95% CI: 2.04 to 3.98), although genetic pleiotropy was present (MR-Egger: p value=0.03). Potential mediating effects of BMI (125-SNPs as IV), particularly in terms of weight loss, were evidenced on the NODM-PC association (indirect effect for BMI in previous years=0.55).<h4>Conclusion</h4>Findings of this study do not support a causal effect of LSDM on PC, but suggest that PC causes NODM. The interplay between obesity, PC and T2DM is complex.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: PanGenEU Study Investigators
Depositing User: Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited: 26 Jun 2020 08:11
Last Modified: 16 Jan 2021 10:30
DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319990
URI: https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3091012
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