King, Carina ORCID: 0000-0002-6885-6716, Bar-Zeev, Naor, Phiri, Tambosi, Beard, James, Mvula, Hazzie, Crampin, Amelia, Heinsbroek, Ellen, Hungerford, Dan ORCID: 0000-0002-9770-0163, Lewckya, Sonia, Verani, Jennifer et al (show 7 more authors)
(2020)
Population impact and effectiveness of sequential 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate and monovalent rotavirus vaccine introduction on infant mortality: prospective birth cohort studies from Malawi.
BMJ global health, 5 (9).
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Abstract
BACKGROUND:Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) and rotavirus vaccine (RV) are key tools for reducing common causes of infant mortality. However, measurement of population-level mortality impact is lacking from sub-Saharan Africa. We evaluated mortality impact and vaccine effectiveness (VE) of PCV13 introduced in November 2011, with subsequent RV1 roll-out in October 2012, in Malawi. METHODS:We conducted two independent community-based birth cohort studies. Study 1, in northern Malawi (40000population), evaluated population impact using change-point analysis and negative-binomial regression of non-traumatic 14-51-week infant mortality preintroduction (1 January 2004 to 31 September 2011) and postintroduction (1 October 2011 to 1 July 2019), and against three-dose coverage. Study 2, in central Malawi (465 000 population), was recruited from 24 November 2011 to 1 June 2015. In the absence of preintroduction data, individual three-dose versus zero-dose VE was estimated using individual-level Cox survival models. In both cohorts, infants were followed with household visits to ascertain vaccination, socioeconomic and survival status. Verbal autopsies were conducted for deaths. RESULTS:Study 1 included 20 291 live births and 216 infant deaths. Mortality decreased by 28.6% (95% CI: 15.3 to 39.8) post-PCV13 introduction. A change point was identified in November 2012. Study 2 registered 50 731 live births, with 454 deaths. Infant mortality decreased from 17 to 10/1000 live births during the study period. Adjusted VE was 44.6% overall (95% CI: 23.0 to 59.1) and 48.3% (95% CI: -5.9 to 74.1) against combined acute respiratory infection, meningitis and sepsis-associated mortality. CONCLUSION:These data provide population-level evidence of infant mortality reduction following sequential PCV13 and RV1 introduction into an established immunisation programme in Malawi. These data support increasing coverage of vaccine programmes in high-burden settings.
Item Type: | Article |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | VacSurv Consortium |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Admin |
Date Deposited: | 28 Aug 2020 08:12 |
Last Modified: | 18 Jan 2023 23:36 |
DOI: | 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002669 |
Open Access URL: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002669 |
URI: | https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3098944 |
Available Versions of this Item
- Population impact and effectiveness of sequential 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate and monovalent rotavirus vaccine introduction on infant mortality: prospective birth cohort studies from Malawi. (deposited 28 Aug 2020 08:12) [Currently Displayed]