Metformin, A Potential Role in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis



Romdhoniyyah, Dewi Fathin ORCID: 0000-0003-3330-4847, Harding, Simon P ORCID: 0000-0003-4676-1158, Cheyne, Christopher P and Beare, Nicholas AV ORCID: 0000-0001-8086-990X
(2021) Metformin, A Potential Role in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. OPHTHALMOLOGY AND THERAPY, 10 (2). pp. 245-260.

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Abstract

<h4>Background</h4>Currently, no generally approved medical treatment can delay the onset of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or slow the progression of degenerative changes. Repurposing drugs with beneficial effects on AMD pathophysiology offers a route to new treatments which is faster, cost-effective, and safer for patients. Recent studies indicate a potential role for metformin in delaying AMD development and progression. In this context, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to look for beneficial associations between metformin and AMD.<h4>Methods</h4>We systematically searched Medline and Embase (via Ovid), Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for clinical studies in humans that examined the associations between metformin treatment and AMD published from inception to February 2021. We calculated pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) considering a random effect model in the meta-analysis.<h4>Results</h4>Five retrospective studies met the inclusion criteria. There are no prospective studies that have reported the effect of metformin in AMD. The meta-analysis showed that people taking metformin were less likely to have AMD although statistical significance was not met (pooled adjusted OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.54-1.05, I<sup>2</sup> = 98.8%). Subgroup analysis of the association between metformin and early and late AMD could not be performed since the data was not available from the included studies.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Analysis of retrospective data suggests a signal that metformin may be associated with decreased risk of any AMD. It should be interpreted with caution because of the failure to meet statistical significance, the small number of studies, and the limitation of routine record data. However prospective studies are warranted in generalizable populations without diabetes, of varied ethnicities, and AMD stages. Clinical trials are needed to determine if metformin has efficacy in treating early and late-stage AMD.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: Metformin, Age-related macular degeneration, Age-related maculopathy, Systematic review, Meta-analysis
Divisions: Faculty of Health and Life Sciences
Depositing User: Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited: 30 Apr 2021 07:06
Last Modified: 18 Jan 2023 22:49
DOI: 10.1007/s40123-021-00344-3
Related URLs:
URI: https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3121014