Laser–Material Interactions of High-Quality Ultrashort Pulsed Vector Vortex Beams



Tang, Yue, Perrie, Walter, Rico Sierra, David, Li, Qianliang, Liu, Dun, Edwardson, Stuart P ORCID: 0000-0001-5239-4409 and Dearden, Geoff ORCID: 0000-0003-0648-7473
(2021) Laser–Material Interactions of High-Quality Ultrashort Pulsed Vector Vortex Beams. Micromachines, 12 (4). p. 376.

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Abstract

<jats:p>Diffractive multi-beams based on 1 × 5 and 2 × 2 binary Dammann gratings applied to a spatial light modulator (SLM) combined with a nanostructured S-wave plate have been used to generate uniform multiple cylindrical vector beams with radial and azimuthal polarizations. The vector quality factor (concurrence) of the single vector vortex beam was found to be C = 0.95 ± 0.02, hence showing a high degree of vector purity. The multi-beams have been used to ablate polished metal samples (Ti-6Al-4V) with laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS), which confirm the polarization states unambiguously. The measured ablation thresholds of the ring mode radial and azimuthal polarizations are close to those of a Gaussian mode when allowance is made for the expected absolute intensity distribution of a ring beam generated from a Gaussian. In addition, ring mode vortex beams with varying orbital angular momentum (OAM) exhibit the same ablation threshold on titanium alloy. Beam scanning with ring modes for surface LIPSS formation can increase micro-structuring throughput by optimizing fluence over a larger effective beam diameter. The comparison of each machined spot was analysed with a machine learning method—cosine similarity—which confirmed the degree of spatial uniformity achieved, reaching cosθ &gt; 0.96 and 0.92 for the 1 × 5 and 2 × 2 arrays, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy and white light surface profiling were used to characterize and quantify the effects of surface modification.</jats:p>

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: multiple beam generation, spatial light modulator, cylindrical vector, concurrence, ablation threshold, LIPSS
Divisions: Faculty of Science and Engineering > School of Engineering
Depositing User: Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited: 30 Apr 2021 07:05
Last Modified: 18 Jan 2023 22:49
DOI: 10.3390/mi12040376
Open Access URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12040376
Related URLs:
URI: https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3121016