Development, characterisation, and deployment of the SNO+ liquid scintillator

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Collaboration, SNO, Anderson, MR, Andringa, S, Anselmo, L, Arushanova, E, Asahi, S, Askins, M, Auty, DJ, Back, AR, Barnard, Z et al (show 215 more authors) , Barros, N, Bartlett, D, Barão, F, Bayes, R, Beier, EW, Bialek, A, Biller, SD, Blucher, E, Bonventre, R, Boulay, M, Braid, D, Caden, E, Callaghan, EJ, Caravaca, J, Carvalho, J, Cavalli, L, Chauhan, D, Chen, M, Chkvorets, O, Clark, KJ, Cleveland, B, Cookman, D, Connors, C, Coulter, IT, Cox, MA, Cressy, D, Dai, X, Darrach, C, Davis-Purcell, B, Deluce, C, Depatie, MM, Descamps, F, Dittmer, J, Lodovico, F Di, Duhaime, N, Duncan, F, Dunger, J, Earle, AD, Fabris, D, Falk, E, Farrugia, A, Fatemighomi, N, Fischer, V, Fletcher, E, Ford, R, Frankiewicz, K, Gagnon, N, Gaur, A, Gilje, K, González-Reina, OI, Gooding, D, Gorel, P, Graham, K, Grant, C, Grove, J, Grullon, S, Guillian, E, Hall, S, Hallin, AL, Hallman, D, Hans, S, Hartnell, J, Harvey, P, Hedayatipour, M, Heintzelman, WJ, Heise, J, Helmer, RL, Horne, D, Hreljac, B, Hu, J, Hussain, ASM, Iida, T, Inácio, AS, Jackson, M, Jelley, NA, Jillings, CJ, Jones, C, Jones, PG, Kamdin, K, Kaptanoglu, T, Kaspar, J, Keeter, K, Kefelian, C, Khaghani, P, Kippenbrock, L, Klein, JR, Knapik, R, Kofron, J, Kormos, LL, Korte, S, Krar, B, Kraus, C, Krauss, CB, Kroupova, T, Labe, K, Lafleur, F, Lam, I, Lan, C, Land, BJ, Lane, R, Langrock, S, LaTorre, A, Lawson, I, Lebanowski, L, Lefeuvre, GM, Leming, EJ, Li, A, Lidgard, J, Liggins, B, Lin, YH, Liu, X, Liu, Y, Lozza, V, Luo, M, Maguire, S, Maio, A, Majumdar, K ORCID: 0000-0003-3473-2376, Manecki, S, Maneira, J, Martin, RD, Marzec, E, Mastbaum, A, Mauel, J, McCauley, N ORCID: 0000-0002-5982-5125, McDonald, AB, Mekarski, P, Meyer, M, Miller, C, Mills, C, Mlejnek, M, Mony, E, Morton-Blake, I, Mottram, MJ, Nae, S, Nirkko, M, Nolan, LJ, Novikov, VM, O'Keeffe, HM, O'Sullivan, E, Gann, GD Orebi, Parnell, MJ, Paton, J, Peeters, SJM, Pershing, T, Petriw, Z, Petzoldt, J, Pickard, L, Pracsovics, D, Prior, G, Prouty, JC, Quirk, S, Reichold, A, Riccetto, S, Richardson, R, Rigan, M, Robertson, A, Rose, J ORCID: 0000-0002-3388-8136, Rosero, R, Rost, PM, Rumleskie, J, Schumaker, MA, Schwendener, MH, Scislowski, D, Secrest, J, Seddighin, M, Segui, L, Seibert, S, Semenec, I, Shaker, F, Shantz, T, Sharma, MK, Shokair, TM, Sibley, L, Sinclair, JR, Singh, K, Skensved, P, Smiley, M, Sonley, T, Stainforth, R, Strait, M, Stringer, MI, Svoboda, R, Sörensen, A, Tam, B, Tatar, J, Tian, L, Tolich, N, Tseng, J, Tseung, HWC, Turner, E, Berg, R Van, Veinot, JGC, Virtue, CJ, Krosigk, B von, Vázquez-Jáuregui, E, Walker, JMG, Walker, M, Walton, SC, Wang, J, Ward, M, Wasalski, O, Waterfield, J, Weigand, JJ, White, RF, Wilson, JR, Winchester, TJ, Woosaree, P, Wright, A, Yanez, JP, Yeh, M, Zhang, T, Zhang, Y, Zhao, T, Zuber, K and Zummo, A (2021) Development, characterisation, and deployment of the SNO+ liquid scintillator JINST, 16 (5). P05009-P05009. ISSN 1748-0221, 1748-0221

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Abstract

A liquid scintillator consisting of linear alkylbenzene as the solvent and 2,5-diphenyloxazole as the fluor was developed for the SNO+ experiment. This mixture was chosen as it is compatible with acrylic and has a competitive light yield to pre-existing liquid scintillators while conferring other advantages including longer attenuation lengths, superior safety characteristics, chemical simplicity, ease of handling, and logistical availability. Its properties have been extensively characterized and are presented here. This liquid scintillator is now used in several neutrino physics experiments in addition to SNO+.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	21 pages, 10 figures
Uncontrolled Keywords:	physics.ins-det, physics.ins-det, hep-ex
Divisions:	Faculty of Science & Engineering > School of Physical Sciences
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	15 Jun 2021 07:42
Last Modified:	16 Jun 2026 11:52
DOI:	10.1088/1748-0221/16/05/P05009
Related Websites:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3126338
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