The Automated Inspection of Opaque Liquid Vaccines

Palmer, G, Schnieders, B, Savani, R ORCID: 0000-0003-1262-7831, Tuyls, K, Fossel, J and Flore, H (2020) The Automated Inspection of Opaque Liquid Vaccines In: EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.

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Abstract

In the pharmaceutical industry the screening of opaque vaccines containing suspensions is currently a manual task carried out by trained human visual inspectors. We show that deep learning can be used to effectively automate this process. A moving contrast is required to distinguish anomalies from other particles, reflections and dust resting on a vial's surface. We train 3D-ConvNets to predict the likelihood of 20-frame video samples containing anomalies. Our unaugmented dataset consists of hand-labelled samples, recorded using vials provided by the HAL Allergy Group, a pharmaceutical company. We trained ten randomly initialized 3D-ConvNets to provide a benchmark, observing mean AUROC scores of 0.94 and 0.93 for positive samples (containing anomalies) and negative (anomaly-free) samples, respectively. Using Frame-Completion Generative Adversarial Networks we: (i) introduce an algorithm for computing saliency maps, which we use to verify that the 3D-ConvNets are indeed identifying anomalies; (ii) propose a novel self-training approach using the saliency maps to determine if multiple networks agree on the location of anomalies. Our self-training approach allows us to augment our data set by labelling 217,888 additional samples. 3D-ConvNets trained with our augmented dataset improve on the results we get when we train only on the unaugmented dataset.

Item Type:	Conference Item (Unspecified)
Additional Information:	8 pages, 5 Figures, 3 Tables, ECAI 2020 Conference Proceedings
Uncontrolled Keywords:	cs.CV, cs.CV
Divisions:	Faculty of Science & Engineering > School of Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Computer Science
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	16 Aug 2021 14:58
Last Modified:	23 May 2026 02:23
DOI:	10.3233/FAIA200307
Open Access URL:	https://ebooks.iospress.nl/publication/55102
Related Websites:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3133709
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