Iron colloids dominate sedimentary supply to the ocean interior

Homoky, William B, Conway, Tim M, John, Seth G, Konig, Daniela, Deng, FeiFei, Tagliabue, Alessandro ORCID: 0000-0002-3572-3634 and Mills, Rachel A (2021) Iron colloids dominate sedimentary supply to the ocean interior PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 118 (13). e2016078118-. ISSN 0027-8424, 1091-6490

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Abstract

Dissolution of marine sediment is a key source of dissolved iron (Fe) that regulates the ocean carbon cycle. Currently, our prevailing understanding, encapsulated in ocean models, focuses on low-oxygen reductive supply mechanisms and neglects the emerging evidence from iron isotopes in seawater and sediment porewaters for additional nonreductive dissolution processes. Here, we combine measurements of Fe colloids and dissolved δ⁵⁶Fe in shallow porewaters spanning the full depth of the South Atlantic Ocean to demonstrate that it is lithogenic colloid production that fuels sedimentary iron supply away from low-oxygen systems. Iron colloids are ubiquitous in these oxic ocean sediment porewaters and account for the lithogenic isotope signature of dissolved Fe (δ⁵⁶Fe = +0.07 ± 0.07‰) within and between ocean basins. Isotope model experiments demonstrate that only lithogenic weathering in both oxic and nitrogenous zones, rather than precipitation or ligand complexation of reduced Fe species, can account for the production of these porewater Fe colloids. The broader covariance between colloidal Fe and organic carbon (OC) abundance suggests that sorption of OC may control the nanoscale stability of Fe minerals by inhibiting the loss of Fe(oxyhydr)oxides to more crystalline minerals in the sediment. Oxic ocean sediments can therefore generate a large exchangeable reservoir of organo-mineral Fe colloids at the sediment water interface (a “rusty source”) that dominates the benthic supply of dissolved Fe to the ocean interior, alongside reductive supply pathways from shallower continental margins.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	ocean sediment, porewater, iron colloid, organo-mineral, iron isotopes
Divisions:	Faculty of Science & Engineering > School of Environmental Sciences
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	03 Sep 2021 07:25
Last Modified:	23 Jan 2026 11:03
DOI:	10.1073/pnas.2016078118
Open Access URL:	https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/170459/
Related Websites:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3135723
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