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COvid-19 Multi-omics Blood ATlas (COMBAT) Consortium, Ahern, David 
ORCID: 0000-0002-7006-7396, Ai, Zhichao, Ainsworth, Mark, Allan, Chris, Allcock, Alice, Ansari, Azim, Arancibia-Carcamo, Carolina, Aschenbrenner, Dominik, Attar, Moustafa ORCID: 0000-0003-4116-1276 et al (show 194 more authors) , Baillie, Kenneth, Barnes, Eleanor ORCID: 0000-0002-0860-0831, Bashford-Rogers, Rachael ORCID: 0000-0002-6838-0711, Bashyal, Archana, Beer, Sally, Berridge, Georgina, Beveridge, Amy, Bibi, Sagida, Bicanic, Tihana, Blackwell, Luke, Bowness, Paul, Brent, Andrew, Brown, Andrew, Broxholme, John, Buck, David, Burnham, Katie, Byrne, Helen, Camara, Susana ORCID: 0000-0002-3154-5834, Candido Ferreira, Ivan ORCID: 0000-0002-4916-4212, Charles, Philip, Chen, Wentao, Chen, Yi-Ling, Chong, Amanda, Clutterbuck, Elizabeth, Coles, Mark, Conlon, Christopher, Cornall, Richard, Cribbs, Adam ORCID: 0000-0001-5288-3077, Curion, Fabiola ORCID: 0000-0003-2502-8803, Davenport, Emma, Davidson, Neil, Davis, Simon, Dendrou, Calliope, Dequaire, Julie, Dib, Lea, Docker, James, Dold, Christina, Dong, Tao ORCID: 0000-0003-3545-3758, Downes, Damien, Drakesmith, Alexander, Dunachie, Susanna ORCID: 0000-0001-5665-6293, Duncan, David, Eijsbouts, Chris, Esnouf, Robert, Espinosa, Alexis, Etherington, Rachel, Fairfax, Benjamin, Fairhead, Rory ORCID: 0000-0001-7157-3015, Fang, Hai, Fassih, Shayan, Felle, Sally, Fernandez Mendoza, Maria, Ferreira, Ricardo, Fischer, Roman ORCID: 0000-0002-9715-5951, Foord, Thomas, Forrow, Aden, Frater, John ORCID: 0000-0001-7163-7277, Fries, Anastasia, Gallardo Sanchez, Veronica, Garner, Lucy, Geeves, Clementine, Georgiou, Dominique, Godfrey, Leila, Golubchik, Tanya, Gomez Vazquez, Maria, Green, Angie, Harper, Hong, Harrington, Heather, Heilig, Raphael, Hester, Svenja, Hill, Jennifer, Hinds, Charles, Hird, Clare, Ho, Ling-Pei ORCID: 0000-0001-8319-301X, Hoekzema, Renee, Hollis, Benjamin, Hughes, Jim, Hutton, Paula, Jackson, Matthew, Jainarayanan, Ashwin, James-Bott, Anna, Jansen, Kathrin, Jeffery, Katie ORCID: 0000-0002-6506-2689, Jones, Elizabeth, Jostins, Luke, Kerr, Georgina, Kim, David, Klenerman, Paul ORCID: 0000-0003-4307-9161, Knight, Julian ORCID: 0000-0002-0377-5536, Kumar, Vinod, Kumar Sharma, Piyush, Kurupati, Prathiba, Kwok, Andrew, Lee, Angela, Linder, Aline, Lockett, Teresa, Lonie, Lorne, Lopopolo, Maria, Lukoseviciute, Martyna ORCID: 0000-0002-8915-5249, Luo, Jian, Marinou, Spyridoula ORCID: 0000-0002-0764-5966, Marsden, Brian, Martinez, Jose, Matthews, Philippa ORCID: 0000-0002-4036-4269, Mazurczyk, Michalina, McGowan, Simon, McKechnie, Stuart, Mead, Adam, Mentzer, Alexander, Mi, Yuxin, Monaco, Claudia ORCID: 0000-0003-1985-4914, Montadon, Ruddy, Napolitani, Giorgio, Nassiri, Isar, Novak, Alex ORCID: 0000-0002-5880-8235, O'Brien, Darragh ORCID: 0000-0003-4924-7795, O'Connor, Daniel ORCID: 0000-0002-6902-9886, O'Donnell, Denise, Ogg, Graham ORCID: 0000-0002-3097-045X, Overend, Lauren, Park, Inhye, Pavord, Ian, Peng, Yanchun, Penkava, Frank, Pereira Pinho, Mariana, Perez, Elena, Pollard, Andrew, Powrie, Fiona, Psaila, Bethan, Quan, Phuong, Repapi, Emmanouela, Revale, Santiago, Silva-Reyes, Laura, Richard, Jean-Baptiste, Rich-Griffin, Charlotte, Ritter, Thomas, Rollier, Christine, Rowland, Matthew ORCID: 0000-0001-8763-6818, Ruehle, Fabian, Salio, Mariolina, Sansom, Stephen, Santos Delgado, Alberto, Sauka-Spengler, Tatjana, Schwessinger, Ron, Scozzafava, Giuseppe, Screaton, Gavin, Seigal, Anna, Semple, Malcolm ORCID: 0000-0001-9700-0418, Sergeant, Martin, Simoglou Karali, Christina, Sims, David ORCID: 0000-0001-8960-8335, Skelly, Donal ORCID: 0000-0002-2426-3097, Slawinski, Hubert, Sobrinodiaz, Alberto, Sousos, Nikolaos ORCID: 0000-0002-9100-2954, Stafford, Lizzie ORCID: 0000-0002-1610-5136, Stockdale, Lisa, Strickland, Marie, Sumray, Otto, Sun, Bo, Taylor, Chelsea, Taylor, Stephen, Taylor, Adan, Thongjuea, Supat, Thraves, Hannah, Todd, John ORCID: 0000-0003-2740-8148, Tomic, Adriana, Tong, Orion, Trebes, Amy, Trzupek, Dominik, Tucci, Felicia, Turtle, Lance ORCID: 0000-0002-0778-1693, Udalova, Irina, Uhlig, Holm ORCID: 0000-0002-6111-7355, van Grinsven, Erinke, Vendrell, Iolanda, Verheul, Marije, Voda, Alexandru ORCID: 0000-0003-2974-6992, Wang, Guanlin, Wang, Lihui, Wang, Dapeng, Watkinson, Peter, Watson, Robert, Weinberger, Michael, Whalley, Justin ORCID: 0000-0002-0403-3091, Witty, Lorna, Wray, Katherine, Xue, Luzheng, Yeung, Hing Yuen, Yin, Zixi, Young, Rebecca, Youngs, Jonathan, Zhang, Ping ORCID: 0000-0001-7063-7769 and Zurke, Yasemin-Xiomara
(2021)
A blood atlas of COVID-19 defines hallmarks of disease severity and specificity.
medRxiv.
2021.05.11.21256877-.
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Open Access link.
Abstract
<h4>Summary</h4> Treatment of severe COVID-19 is currently limited by clinical heterogeneity and incomplete understanding of potentially druggable immune mediators of disease. To advance this, we present a comprehensive multi-omic blood atlas in patients with varying COVID-19 severity and compare with influenza, sepsis and healthy volunteers. We identify immune signatures and correlates of host response. Hallmarks of disease severity revealed cells, their inflammatory mediators and networks as potential therapeutic targets, including progenitor cells and specific myeloid and lymphocyte subsets, features of the immune repertoire, acute phase response, metabolism and coagulation. Persisting immune activation involving AP-1/p38MAPK was a specific feature of COVID-19. The plasma proteome enabled sub-phenotyping into patient clusters, predictive of severity and outcome. Tensor and matrix decomposition of the overall dataset revealed feature groupings linked with disease severity and specificity. Our systems-based integrative approach and blood atlas will inform future drug development, clinical trial design and personalised medicine approaches for COVID-19.
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