Search for Neutrinos in Coincidence with Gravitational Wave Events from the LIGO-Virgo O3a Observing Run with the Super-Kamiokande Detector

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Abe, K, Bronner, C, Hayato, Y, Ikeda, M, Imaizumi, S, Kameda, J, Kanemura, Y, Kataoka, Y, Miki, S, Miura, M et al (show 203 more authors) , Moriyama, S, Nagao, Y, Nakahata, M, Nakayama, S, Okada, T, Okamoto, K, Orii, A, Pronost, G, Sekiya, H, Shiozawa, M, Sonoda, Y, Suzuki, Y, Takeda, A, Takemoto, Y, Takenaka, A, Tanaka, H, Watanabe, S, Yano, T, Han, S, Kajita, T, Okumura, K, Tashiro, T, Wang, R, Xia, J, Megias, GD, Bravo-Berguno, D, Labarga, L, Marti, Ll, Zaldivar, B, Pointon, BW, Blaszczyk, FDM, Kearns, E, Raaf, JL, Stone, JL, Wan, L, Wester, T, Bian, J, Griskevich, NJ, Kropp, WR, Locke, S, Mine, S, Smy, MB, Sobel, HW, Takhistov, V, Weatherly, P, Hill, J, Kim, JY, Lim, IT, Park, RG, Bodur, B, Scholberg, K, Walter, CW, Bernard, L, Coffani, A, Drapier, O, El Hedri, S, Giampaolo, A, Gonin, M, Mueller, Th A, Paganini, P, Quilain, B, Ishizuka, T, Nakamura, T, Jang, JS, Learned, JG, Anthony, LHV, Martin, DGR, Sztuc, AA, Uchida, Y, Berardi, V, Catanesi, MG, Radicioni, E, Calabria, NF, Machado, LN, De Rosa, G, Collazuol, G, Iacob, F, Lamoureux, M, Ospina, N, Ludovici, L, Maekawa, Y, Nishimura, Y, Cao, S, Friend, M, Hasegawa, T, Ishida, T, Jakkapu, M, Kobayashi, T, Matsubara, T, Nakadaira, T, Nakamura, K, Oyama, Y, Sakashita, K, Sekiguchi, T, Tsukamoto, T, Kotsar, Y, Nakano, Y, Ozaki, H, Shiozawa, T, Suzuki, AT, Takeuchi, Y, Yamamoto, S, Ali, A, Ashida, Y, Feng, J, Hirota, S, Kikawa, T, Mori, M, Nakaya, T, Wendell, RA, Yasutome, K, Fernandez, P, McCauley, N ORCID: 0000-0002-5982-5125, Mehta, P, Pritchard, A, Tsui, KM, Fukuda, Y, Itow, Y, Menjo, H, Niwa, T, Sato, K, Tsukada, M, Mijakowski, P, Jiang, J, Jung, CK, Vilela, C, Wilking, MJ, Yanagisawa, C, Hagiwara, K, Harada, M, Horai, T, Ishino, H, Ito, S, Koshio, Y, Kitagawa, H, Ma, W, Piplani, N, Sakai, S, Kuno, Y, Barr, G, Barrow, D, Cook, L, Goldsack, A, Samani, S, Simpson, C, Wark, D, Nova, F, Boschi, T, Di Lodovico, F, Migenda, J, Molina Sedgwick, S, Taani, M, Zsoldos, S, Yang, JY, Jenkins, SJ ORCID: 0000-0002-0982-8141, Malek, M, McElwee, JM, Stone, O, Thiesse, MD, Thompson, LF, Okazawa, H, Kim, SB, Yu, I, Nishijima, K, Koshiba, M, Iwamoto, K, Nakajima, Y, Ogawa, N, Yokoyama, M, Martens, K, Vagins, MR, Izumiyama, S, Kuze, M, Tanaka, M, Yoshida, T, Inomoto, M, Ishitsuka, M, Ito, H, Matsumoto, R, Ohta, K, Shinoki, M, Martin, JF, Tanaka, HA, Towstego, T, Akutsu, R, Hartz, M, Konaka, A, de Perio, P, Prouse, NW, Chen, S, Xu, BD, Posiadala-Zezula, M, Hadley, D, Richards, B, Jamieson, B, Walker, J, Minamino, A, Okamoto, K, Pintaudi, G, Sano, S, Sasaki, R, Ichikawa, AK and Nakamura, K (2021) Search for Neutrinos in Coincidence with Gravitational Wave Events from the LIGO-Virgo O3a Observing Run with the Super-Kamiokande Detector ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 918 (2). 78-. ISSN 0004-637X, 1538-4357

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Abstract

The Super-Kamiokande detector can be used to search for neutrinos in time coincidence with gravitational waves detected by the LIGO–Virgo Collaboration (LVC). Both low-energy (7–100 MeV) and high-energy (0.1–10⁵ GeV) samples were analyzed in order to cover a very wide neutrino spectrum. Follow-ups of 36 (out of 39) gravitational waves reported in the GWTC-2 catalog were examined; no significant excess above the background was observed, with 10 (24) observed neutrinos compared with 4.8 (25.0) expected events in the high-energy (low-energy) samples. A statistical approach was used to compute the significance of potential coincidences. For each observation, p-values were estimated using neutrino direction and LVC sky map; the most significant event (GW190602_175927) is associated with a post-trial p-value of 7.8% (1.4σ). Additionally, flux limits were computed independently for each sample and by combining the samples. The energy emitted as neutrinos by the identified gravitational wave sources was constrained, both for given flavors and for all flavors assuming equipartition between the different flavors, independently for each trigger and by combining sources of the same nature.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics, 51 Physical Sciences
Divisions:	Faculty of Science & Engineering > School of Physical Sciences
Depositing User:	Symplectic Admin
Date Deposited:	07 Oct 2021 09:30
Last Modified:	16 Jun 2026 09:13
DOI:	10.3847/1538-4357/ac0d5a
Open Access URL:	https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-43...
Related Websites:	Author Publisher
URI:	https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3139597
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