Primidis, Thomas G 
ORCID: 0000-0002-9509-1229, Soloviev, Vadim Y and Welsch, Carsten P ORCID: 0000-0001-7085-0973
(2021)
Accuracy of the independent atom approximation in digital tomosynthesis Monte Carlo simulations.
BIOMEDICAL PHYSICS & ENGINEERING EXPRESS, 7 (5).
055016-055016.
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Primidis_2021_Biomed._Phys._Eng._Express_7_055016.pdf - Published version Download (2MB) | Preview |
Abstract
Monte Carlo (MC) codes serve as the gold standard simulation tool during design and optimisation of x-ray imaging systems. Such simulations often model Rayleigh scattering based on the Independent Atom Approximation Model (IAM). This model neglects the low range molecular interference (MI) effects of non-crystalline materials such as human tissues. Previous work has found discrepancies in the simulated images of planar x-ray images between IAM and MI models. However, insignificant differences were found for computed tomography (CT) reconstructions. In this work we present Geant4 MC simulations of a flat panel source digital tomosynthesis (DT) system for human extremities. Results show that with a 1:9 scatter to primary ratio (SPR) in the x-ray projections, the DT reconstructions are insensitive to the differences of the IAM and MI models. Therefore, MC codes that use the IAM model are sufficient for the study of DT systems. That is because DT algorithms have a larger effect on image quality than the few percent change in the noise due to a physical model and noise suppression methods make this change even less important. Dependency of this conclusion on SPR must be considered in other DT modalities where SPR might be larger.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | geant4, emitter array, flat panel detector, x-ray imaging |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Engineering > School of Physical Sciences |
| Depositing User: | Symplectic Admin |
| Date Deposited: | 03 Nov 2021 09:40 |
| Last Modified: | 18 Jan 2023 21:25 |
| DOI: | 10.1088/2057-1976/ac1987 |
| Related URLs: | |
| URI: | https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/3142558 |
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